核心詞匯
1．People found the little match girl dead in the street at____________(黎明)．
2．This problem is only____________(稍稍)difficult，but I can work it out easily.
3．The two governments have settled their differences over their common____________(邊界)．
4. The Chinese people have the____________(傳統(tǒng))of respecting the old and loving the young.
5．When we____________(測(cè)量)the yard，we found it was twenty feet long and fifteen feet wide.
6．The man has ____________(寬闊的)shoulders and looks handsome.
7．I’ll go____________(市區(qū))tomorrow.Do you want to go with me?
8．When they saw the ____________scene，everyone on the spot felt____________and couldn’t say a word.(terrify)
9．用impress的適當(dāng)形式填空
(1)So charming are the sights of Jiuzhaigou that they leave a deep____________on visitors from home and abroad.
(2)To tell you the truth，I was deeply ____________by his excellent speech.
10．With so many trees and flowers____________it，the school looks very nice.I’d like to bring up my child in healthy ____________，so I would like to send him to it.(surround)
1.dawn 2.slightly 3.border 4.tradition 5.measured 6.broad 7.downtown 8.terrifying；terrified 9.(1)impression (2)impressed 10.surrounded；surroundings
高頻短語(yǔ)
1．________________ 與其；不愿
2．________________ 被……包圍
3．________________ 定居；平靜下來(lái)；專心于
4．________________ 設(shè)法做
5．________________ 看見(jiàn)；瞥見(jiàn)
6．________________ 對(duì)……有天賦
7．________________ 在遠(yuǎn)處
8．________________ 遠(yuǎn)到；直到；至于
9．________________ 在黎明，在拂曉
10．________________ 給……留下深刻印象
1.rather than 2.be surrounded by/with 3.settle down 4.manage to do 5.catch sight of 6.have a gift for 7.in the distance 8.as far as 9.at dawn 10.impress...on/upon
重點(diǎn)句式
1．________________，they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada.
她們不想一路乘飛機(jī)，而決定先飛到溫哥華，再?gòu)奈骱０冻嘶疖嚈M穿加拿大到達(dá)東海岸。
2．It is ________wet there ________ the trees are extremely tall，some ________over 90 metres.
那里的濕度很大，所以樹(shù)都長(zhǎng)得特別高，一些高達(dá)90多米。
3．It’s too bad you can’t go________________ Ottawa，Canada’s capital.
很可惜你們不能一直走到加拿大的首都渥太華。
4．As they sat in a buffet restaurant________________the broad St Lawrence River，a young man sat down with them.
當(dāng)她們坐在一家自助餐廳里眺望廣闊的圣勞倫斯河時(shí)，一個(gè)年輕人坐到了她們身邊。
知識(shí)詳解
1.Rather than take the aeroplane all the way 2.so；that； measuring 3.as far as 4.looking over
1.surround vt.& vi. 包圍；圍繞
(回歸課本P34)People say it is Canada’s most beautiful city，surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean.
人們說(shuō)溫哥華是加拿大最美麗的城市，被大山和太平洋環(huán)抱。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P2036)As a child I was surrounded by love and kindness.
幼年時(shí)我備受關(guān)愛(ài)。
②They surrounded the house and garden with a fence.
他們用一道籬笆把房子和花園圍住。
③We are living in pleasant surroundings.
我們生活在舒適的環(huán)境中。
[即境活用]
1．When I got home，I found my son was playing on the carpet，________by all kinds of toys.
A．surrounding B．surrounded
C．surrounds D．having surrounded
解析：選B。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處應(yīng)使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可排除C項(xiàng)，再由the carpet與surround之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系可排除A、D兩項(xiàng)，此處是過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，故選B。
2.distance n． 距離；遠(yuǎn)方；遙遠(yuǎn)；疏遠(yuǎn)
v． 不介入；與……疏遠(yuǎn)
(回歸課本P38)In the distance，they could see the misty cloud that rose from the great Niagara Falls，which is on the south side of the lake.
遠(yuǎn)處，她們可以看到在湖的南邊尼亞加拉大瀑布上方升騰著的霧靄。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①The picture looks beautiful at a distance.
那幅畫遠(yuǎn)看顯得很美。
②We saw lights in the distance.
我們看到了遠(yuǎn)處的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)燈光。
③My parents live within walking distance of me.
我父母住在我家附近。
④(牛津P579)She was warned to keep her distance from Charles if she didn’t want to get hurt.
有人告誡她說(shuō)，如果不想受到傷害，就與查爾斯離得遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)。
[即境活用]
2．The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a________of 60 miles.
A．length B．distance
C．way D．space
解析：選B。考查名詞辨析�！癮 distance of＋數(shù)字”表示“……距離”。
3.measure vi.& vt. 測(cè)量；衡量；判定
n． 計(jì)量制；計(jì)量單位；措施
(回歸課本P34)It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall，some measuring over 90 metres.
那兒的濕度很大，所以樹(shù)都長(zhǎng)得特別高，一些高達(dá)90多米。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(朗文P1279)The nurse weighed me and measured my height.
護(hù)士稱了一下我的體重，而后量了一下我的身高。
②(朗文P1279)You can’t measure someone by the clothes they wear.
你不能以衣著衡量一個(gè)人。
③It is high time that we should take some measures to protect endangered animals.
我們是時(shí)候應(yīng)該采取措施保護(hù)瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物了。
[即境活用]
3．完成句子
(1)過(guò)去，媽媽在春節(jié)來(lái)臨時(shí)總是為我量身做新衣服。
In the old days，my mother always made new clothes________ ________ ________ ________with Spring Festival coming.
答案：to my own measure
(2)政府對(duì)醉酒駕駛采取了強(qiáng)硬措施。
The government________ ________ ________ ________drunk driving.
答案：took strong measures against
4.confirm vt. 證實(shí)；證明；批準(zhǔn)
(回歸課本P38)The next morning the bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red，gold and orange，and there was frost on the ground，confirming that fall had arrived in Canada.
第二天早上，在她們的車窗外到處是灌木叢和楓樹(shù)，掛滿朱紅、赤金和橘黃色的葉子，地面上覆蓋了一層薄霜，表明了秋天已經(jīng)來(lái)到了加拿大。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P415)It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week.
已經(jīng)確定會(huì)議將于下個(gè)星期召開(kāi)。
②Six people have confirmed that they will be attending and ten haven’t replied yet.
已有六人證實(shí)他們將會(huì)參加但還有十人仍未答復(fù)。
③He was confirmed as captain for the rest of the season.
他被正式任命在這個(gè)賽季剩下的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)擔(dān)任隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。
④The expression on her face confirmed our fears.
她臉上的表情證實(shí)了我們的憂慮。
[即境活用]
4．The recent airplane crash________my belief that stronger safety regulations are needed.
A．confirms B．combines
C．conducts D．conforms
解析：選A。confirm one’s belief “堅(jiān)定信念”。
5.impress vt. 使銘記；銘刻；給……留下極深的印象
(回歸課本P39)Describe two or three things that impressed you most and your feelings when you experienced them.
描述2～3件給你留下深刻印象的事情和你體驗(yàn)它們時(shí)的情感。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①The teacher impressed the importance of English on/upon me.
老師讓我銘記(向我強(qiáng)調(diào))英語(yǔ)的重要性。
②My father impressed me with the value of hard work.
父親要我牢記努力工作的重要性。
③The audience were deeply impressed by the actors’ wonderful performance.
觀眾對(duì)演員們的精彩表演印象深刻。
④(朗文P1041)It is important to make a good impression at your interview.
面試時(shí)給人留下好的印象是很重要的。
[即境活用]
5．The new teacher made a good________on the students by her rich knowledge and humorous talk.
A．feeling B．effect
C．impression D．sense
解析：選C。考查名詞詞義辨析。make a good impression on sb.意為“給某人留下好印象”。句意：那位新老師以豐富的知識(shí)和幽默的語(yǔ)言給同學(xué)們留下了很好的印象。
6．(2011年金華十校聯(lián)考)The conference has been held to discuss the ________of global warming on people’s lives all over the world.
A．importance B．effects
C．protection D．impression
解析：選B�？疾槊~辨析。effects意思是“影響”，即討論全球氣候變暖對(duì)人們生活的影響。importance意思是“重要性”；protection意思是“保護(hù)”；impression意思是“印象”。
6.catch sight of 看見(jiàn)；瞥見(jiàn)
(回歸課本P34)．..they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.
……她們總算看到了野山羊，甚至還看到了一只大灰熊和一只鷹。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①Suddenly，I caught sight of my English teacher in the crowd.
突然，在人群中我看到了英語(yǔ)老師。
②(牛津P1863)She caught sight of a car in the distance.
她瞥見(jiàn)遠(yuǎn)處有一輛車。
③(朗文P1906)We stood at the window until the car came into sight.我們站在窗前，直到看見(jiàn)他們的車子。
④He ran fast and was soon out of sight.
他跑得很快，一會(huì)兒就不見(jiàn)了。
[即境活用]
7．At the railway station，the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was________.
A．out of sight B．out of reach
C．out of order D．out of place
解析：選A。句意：在火車站，母親向女兒揮手告別直到火車消失在視野中。
7.as far as 遠(yuǎn)到，直至，至于
(回歸課本P38)It’s too bad you can’t go as far as Ottawa，Canada’s capital.
很可惜你們不能一直走到加拿大的首都渥太華。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①As far as I know，it is convenient to do shopping in that small city.
就我所知，在那座小城市里購(gòu)物很方便。
②Besides，as far as he was concerned，what other people thought was not the most important thing.
此外，他認(rèn)為別人的想法并不是最重要的。
③Standing here，you can see as far as the foot of the hill.
站在這里，你可以一直看到山腳下。
④(2010年高考江西卷)-Our holiday cost a lot of money.
--我們的假期花了很多錢。
-Did it？Well，that doesn’t matter as long as you enjoyed yourself.
--是嗎？只要你玩的開(kāi)心就好了。
[即境活用]
8．________I can see，there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.
A．As long as B．As far as
C．Just as D．Even if
解析：選B。as far as I can see“據(jù)我所知”。as long as“只要”，表示條件；just as“就像……”，表示方式；even if“即使”，表示讓步，皆不符合語(yǔ)境。
9．-How far apart do they live?
-________I know，they live in the same neighbourhood.
A．As long as B．As far as
C．As well as D．As often as
解析：選B。as far as I know“據(jù)我所知”。
10．(2009年高考陜西卷)My parents don’t mind what job I do________I am happy.
A．even though B．a(chǎn)s soon as
C．a(chǎn)s long as D．a(chǎn)s though
解析：選C。句意：我的父母不在乎我從事什么樣的工作，只要我高興就好。本題考查狀語(yǔ)從句。as long as 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“只要”。as soon as“ 一……就……”；even though“雖然，盡管”；as though “好像”。
句型梳理
1【教材原句】 Rather than take the aeroplane all the way，they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada.(P34)
她們不想一路乘飛機(jī)，而決定先飛到溫哥華，再?gòu)奈骱０冻嘶疖嚈M穿加拿大到達(dá)東海岸。
【句法分析】 (1)rather than 寧愿……而不愿……；而不是……；與其……倒不如(連接平行結(jié)構(gòu))
would rather do...than do＝would do...rather than do
寧愿……而不愿……
prefer to do...rather than do...寧愿……而不愿……
①I think Tom，rather than you，is to blame.
我想不是你，而是湯姆應(yīng)受責(zé)備。
②I have decided to send him an email rather than (to) telephone.
我決定給他發(fā)個(gè)電子郵件，而不是打電話。
③He preferred to stay at home watching TV rather than go to the concert.
他寧愿在家里看電視也不愿去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)。
④I would rather (that) you hadn’t done that thing.
我寧愿你沒(méi)做那件事。
[即境活用]
11．(2011年黑龍江雙鴨山一中月考)To enjoy the scenery，Bob would spend long time on the train________travel by air.
A．other than B．a(chǎn)part from
C．instead of D．rather than
解析：選D。考查短語(yǔ)。句意：Bob 為了欣賞風(fēng)景寧可花時(shí)間坐火車也不乘飛機(jī)。rather than 而不；other than 不同于，除了；apart from 除……以外；instead of 替代。根據(jù)語(yǔ)意選D。
2【教材原句】 It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall，some measuring over 90 metres.(P34)
那兒的濕度很大，樹(shù)木極高，有些樹(shù)的高度超過(guò)90米。
【句法分析】 some measuring over 90 metres為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
這種獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由名詞(代詞)加分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞)構(gòu)成，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是該名詞(代詞)。該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件或伴隨等。
①He lay on his back，his teeth set and his glaring eyes looking straight upward.(伴隨狀語(yǔ))
他躺在那兒，牙關(guān)緊咬，而且他發(fā)怒的眼睛直盯著上方。
②Time permitting，we’ll have a dictation.(條件狀語(yǔ))
如果時(shí)間允許，我們就聽(tīng)寫。
③There being no bus，we had to go home on foot.(原因狀語(yǔ))
沒(méi)有公共汽車了，我們不得不步行回家。
[即境活用]
12．All the factors________，the planned trip will have to be called off.
A．considered
B．be considered
C．considering
D．having considered
解析：選A。本題考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。句意：考慮了所有的因素之后，原來(lái)計(jì)劃好的旅行不得不取消了。本句中的consider與All the factors之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，在句子中要用被動(dòng)形式，因此排除C、D兩項(xiàng)，前后兩部分不是并列的分句，要采用“名詞＋過(guò)去分詞”形式的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于after all the factors are considered，此處的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)也可改寫成with all the factors considered。
13．The children went home from the grammar school，their lessons________for the day.
A．finishing B．finished
C．had finished D．went finished
解析：選B。句意：那天的課程一結(jié)束，孩子們紛紛從那所語(yǔ)法學(xué)�；氐郊依�。當(dāng)兩句話并列時(shí)，需要并列連詞，而題干中沒(méi)有并列連詞，故排除C、D兩項(xiàng)；可判斷逗號(hào)后應(yīng)為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)，在此結(jié)構(gòu)中邏輯主語(yǔ)lessons與邏輯謂語(yǔ)finish之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故排除A項(xiàng)。
作文指導(dǎo)
長(zhǎng)句和短句的變換
長(zhǎng)句含有許多修飾語(yǔ)，適合表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確而復(fù)雜的思想，解釋觀點(diǎn)或理論，描寫細(xì)致的事物；短句比較簡(jiǎn)潔、明快、有力，適合陳述重要的事實(shí)或想法。長(zhǎng)句使文章富有氣勢(shì)，卻容易產(chǎn)生語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，或者造成理解障礙；短句不容易出錯(cuò)，但是短句的堆砌容易讓人感覺(jué)語(yǔ)言技巧不成熟、不老練。
在實(shí)際寫作中，一味地采用長(zhǎng)句或短句都是不可取的，要長(zhǎng)短句交替使用。通常最簡(jiǎn)單而又適用于應(yīng)試的長(zhǎng)短句交錯(cuò)的方法是：以簡(jiǎn)單句為基礎(chǔ)，配以適當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘芯浜蛷?fù)合句。簡(jiǎn)單句可長(zhǎng)可短，一般要加些附屬成分，如分詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)和副詞短語(yǔ)等。
短句變長(zhǎng)句
【佳句選粹1】
【原文】 【優(yōu)化】
Lies do harm to those who are being told.Lies also do harm to those who tell them. Lies not only do harm to those who are being told，but also do harm to those who tell them.
【分析】 原來(lái)的兩個(gè)句子之間存在明顯的并列關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)將其合二為一，改寫成由“not only...，but also...”連接成的一個(gè)并列句，這樣才更符合英語(yǔ)作為“形合語(yǔ)言”的特點(diǎn)。
【佳句選粹2】
【原文】 【優(yōu)化】
His overall performance was outstanding and worked extremely well with people.He always proves himself hardworking and modest. His overall performance was outstanding and worked extremely well with people and he always proves himself hardworking and modest.
【分析】 原來(lái)的兩個(gè)句子之間存在明顯的并列關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)將其合二為一，改寫成由and連接成的一個(gè)并列句，這樣才更符合英語(yǔ)作為“形合語(yǔ)言”的特點(diǎn)。
【佳句選粹3】
【原文】 【優(yōu)化】
In most countries，schools can be divided into two broad categories：public schools and private schools.Public schools are financed by the government and enroll both boys and girls.The majority of private schools are singlesex educational establishments. In most countries，schools can be divided into two broad categories：public schools，which are financed by the government and enroll both boys and girls，and private schools，the majority of which are singlesex educational establishments.
【分析】 句子“Public schools are financed by the government and enroll both boys and girls.”中的“public schools”用which代替，并作為引導(dǎo)詞變成非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；句子“The majority of private schools are singlesex educational establishments.”中的“private schools”用which代替，變成了“the majority of which”形式，這正是定語(yǔ)從句“介詞of＋which”結(jié)構(gòu)。用了兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句優(yōu)化后，句子顯得更有文采，而且更有氣勢(shì)。
長(zhǎng)句變短句
長(zhǎng)句固然能表達(dá)出復(fù)雜而縝密的思想，但如果片面追求復(fù)雜句式，華而不實(shí)，反而成為表達(dá)的累贅。
寫作中句子的長(zhǎng)短應(yīng)根據(jù)表達(dá)的需要，有話則長(zhǎng)，無(wú)話則短。短句不僅指句子長(zhǎng)度較短，也指句子內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)精練。簡(jiǎn)潔是一個(gè)重要的原則，用詞累贅是寫作的大忌。
【佳句選粹】
【原文】 【優(yōu)化】
His father，who is a salesman，became a millionaire overnight. His father，a_salesman，became a millionaire overnight.
【分析】 優(yōu)化后的句子用同位語(yǔ)代替了原句中的定語(yǔ)從句，從而起到了精簡(jiǎn)句子的作用。
（小周）