核心詞匯
1．The movie opens with a____________(場(chǎng)景)in a New York apartment.
2．You mustn’t park here without a parking____________(執(zhí)照)．
3．The girl is____________(盯著)at the stranger with her eyes wide open.
4. I have just____________(挑出)a mistake on the front cover of the magazine.
5．Never judge a person only by his clothes and____________(外貌)．
6．The reason he gave to____________(解釋)for his absence was unbelievable.
7．It’s good____________(禮貌)to say goodbye to the host when leaving.
8．It wasn’t a good thing；on the____________it was a huge mistake.
9．Teaching children with special needs requires____________and understanding.She is usually____________with her students and never makes them disappointed.(patience)
10．用adventure的適當(dāng)形式填空
(1) When you are a child，life is one big____________.
(2)Many young teachers would like to be more__________and creative.
1.scene 2.permit 3.staring 4.spotted 5.appearance 6.account 7.manners 8.contrary 9.patience；patient,10.(1)adventure；(2)adventurous
高頻短語(yǔ)
1．________________ 撫養(yǎng)；培養(yǎng)；教育；提出
2．________________ 前進(jìn)；(用于祈使句)可以；往下說(shuō)
3．________________ 偶然；無(wú)意中；不小心
4．________________ 盯著看；凝視
5．________________ 導(dǎo)致；做出解釋
6．________________ 與此相反；正相反
7．________________ 冒險(xiǎn)
8．________________ 衣衫襤褸
9．________________ 關(guān)于；至于
10．________________ 說(shuō)實(shí)話
1.bring up 2.go ahead 3.by accident 4.stare at 5.account for 6.on the contrary 7.take a chance 8.in rags 9.as for 10.to be honest
重點(diǎn)句式
1．Well，towards nightfall I____________to sea by a strong wind.
嗯，夜晚來(lái)臨的時(shí)候，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被一陣強(qiáng)風(fēng)刮進(jìn)了海里。
2．The next morning I’d just about given myself up for lost____________by a ship.
第二天早上，我正感到絕望的時(shí)候，一艘船發(fā)現(xiàn)了我。
3．And____________brought you to England.
是那艘船把你帶到英國(guó)來(lái)的。
4．____________I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand，which accounts for my appearance.
事實(shí)上我靠做義工來(lái)頂替船費(fèi)，這就是我衣冠不整的原因。
5．Indeed，sir，I hope you’ll come here__________you like.
真的，先生，我希望您想來(lái)的時(shí)候，您就來(lái)。
1.found myself carried out 2.when I was spotted 3.it was the ship that 4.The fact is that 5.whenever
知識(shí)詳解
1.scene n． (戲劇)一場(chǎng)；現(xiàn)場(chǎng)；場(chǎng)面；景色
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①The happy scene of children playing in the garden disappeared，and it was quiet again.
孩子們?cè)诨▓@里高興地玩的場(chǎng)面消失后，花園又安靜了下來(lái)。
②(牛津P1779)Firefighters were on the scene immediately.
消防隊(duì)立刻趕到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。
③They rushed to the scene of the traffic accident.
他們火速趕到交通事故的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。
【高效記憶】
[易混辨析]
scene，scenery，view
(1)scene指都市景觀或室內(nèi)陳設(shè)，還可指舞臺(tái)場(chǎng)面或部分布景，是可數(shù)名詞。
(2)scenery指山河湖海等自然景觀，也可指舞臺(tái)全部，是不可數(shù)名詞。
(3)view指從遠(yuǎn)處或高處看到的風(fēng)景。
①The night scene in Shanghai is quite beautiful.
②They stopped to admire the scenery of the mountain.
③The view from the top of the hill is wonderful.
[即境活用]
1．Seeing the happy________of children playing in the park，I’m full of joy and confidence in the future of our country.
A．sight B．scene
C．view D．sign
解析：選B。sight視力，視野；scene 場(chǎng)面，情景，景色；view 觀點(diǎn)，(從某一角度看到的)風(fēng)景；sign記號(hào)，符號(hào)，征兆。
2．On the top of Mount Tai，you can get a wonderful________of the sunrise.
A．view B．scene
C．sign D．sight
解析：選A。句意：從泰山山頂，你能看到美麗的日出景色。
2.permit v． 允許；容許；許可
n． 許可證；執(zhí)照；通行證
(回歸課本P18)Permit me to lead the way，sir.
先生，請(qǐng)讓我來(lái)帶路吧。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P1478)Visitors are not permitted to take photographs.
參觀者請(qǐng)勿拍照。
②My parents didn’t permit my going with you.
我父母不準(zhǔn)我和你一起去。
③We’ll discuss all the questions if time permits.
如果時(shí)間允許，我們將把所有問(wèn)題都討論一下。
④You are not allowed to park here unless you have a permit.
除非你有許可證，否則不許在這里停車。
[即境活用]
3．I’m sorry，I can’t give you the telephone number without Mr.Smith’s________.
A．permission B．a(chǎn)llowing
C．a(chǎn)greement D．performance
解析：選A。考查名詞辨析。without one’s permission意為“未經(jīng)某人允許”。
4．She is a very gentle child，so she will never do anything that is not________of by her parents.
A．a(chǎn)dmitted B．reminded
C．permitted D．a(chǎn)pproved
解析：選D。approve of 贊成，稱許。admit承認(rèn)；remind提醒；permit允許，都為及物動(dòng)詞，后無(wú)需再加of，故排除。
3.fault n． 責(zé)任；過(guò)錯(cuò)；缺點(diǎn)
vt. 對(duì)……挑毛病
(回歸課本P18)It was all my fault.
這都是我的錯(cuò)。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(朗文P742)Somehow，people seem to think it’s my fault for letting him in.
不知怎的，人們似乎認(rèn)為讓他進(jìn)來(lái)是我的過(guò)錯(cuò)。
② I wonder how they got lost and whose fault it was.
我想知道他們是怎么迷路的，又是誰(shuí)的過(guò)錯(cuò)。
③He is such a man who is always finding fault with other people.
他是一個(gè)總愛挑別人毛病的人。
[即境活用]
5．完成句子
(1)我希望你不要再對(duì)我做的一切吹毛求疵了。
I wish you’d stop trying to ________ ________ ________ ________ I do.
答案：find fault with everything
(2)從你的文章里我找不到錯(cuò)誤，它完美無(wú)瑕。
I can’t ________ ________ ________ your paper.It is perfect.
答案：find fault in
4.spot vt. 發(fā)現(xiàn)；認(rèn)出
n． 斑點(diǎn)；污點(diǎn)；地點(diǎn)
(回歸課本P18)The next morning I’d just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.
第二天早上，我正感到絕望的時(shí)候，一艘船發(fā)現(xiàn)了我。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P1946)I finally spotted my friend in the crowd.
我終于在人群中看見了我的朋友。
②(朗文P1987)They offered me a job on the spot.
他們當(dāng)即給我提供了一份工作。
③(牛津P1946)He showed me the exact spot where he had asked her to marry him.
他把他當(dāng)時(shí)向她求婚的確切地點(diǎn)指給我看。
[即境活用]
6．我剛剛坐下來(lái)工作就發(fā)現(xiàn)有東西在樹林里挪動(dòng)。
I had just sat down to work when I________ ________ ________in the trees.
答案：spotted something moving
5.account vi.& vt. 認(rèn)為；說(shuō)明；總計(jì)有
n． 說(shuō)明；理由；計(jì)算；賬目；報(bào)道
(回歸課本P18)The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand，which accounts for my appearance.
事實(shí)上我靠做義工來(lái)頂替船費(fèi)，這就是我為什么衣冠不整了。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P13)The poor weather may have accounted for the small crowd.
天氣不好可能是人來(lái)得少的原因。
②(朗文P14)Recent pressures at work may account for Steve’s strange behaviour.
史蒂夫行為奇怪，可能是因?yàn)樗罱ぷ魃系膲毫λ隆?/p>
③On no account must you tell him the truth.
你決不可以把事實(shí)真相告訴他。
④His exam results were not very good，but we must take his long illness into account.
他的考試成績(jī)不是很好，但我們必須考慮到他曾長(zhǎng)期生病。
[即境活用]
7．Even scientists cannot completely________the strange behaviors of animals before an earthquake.
A．a(chǎn)ccount for B．make for
C．call for D．go in for
解析：選A。考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：甚至連科學(xué)家都還不能完全解釋動(dòng)物在地震前的奇怪行為。account for作出解釋。make for有利于；call for需要，要求；go in for從事，參加。
6.bring up 培養(yǎng)；撫養(yǎng)；教育；提出；嘔吐
(回歸課本P17)He was brought up in Hannibal，Missouri，along the Mississippi River.
他在密西西比河邊的密蘇里州的漢尼拔長(zhǎng)大。
[歸納拓展]
bring about 引起，產(chǎn)生，帶來(lái)
bring down 使倒下；降低；減少
bring in 引進(jìn)；賺得；收(莊稼)
bring on 引起，導(dǎo)致；使……發(fā)展(或前進(jìn))；提出……供討論
[例句探源]
①(朗文P239)Some people laughed at the idea when I first brought it up.
我第一次把這想法提出來(lái)時(shí)受到一些人的嘲笑。
②(朗文P239)All of our kids were brought up to respect other people.
我們的孩子都被教育要尊敬別人。
③He was born in the country but he was brought up by his aunt in the city.
他出生在鄉(xiāng)下，但是由姑母在城市里撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大。
④We aim to bring down prices on all our computers.
我們打算降低我們所有計(jì)算機(jī)的價(jià)格。
[即境活用]
8．用bring about；bring up；bring in填空：
(1)Phelps was____________by his mother after his parents divorced when he was young.
答案：brought up
(2)Science and technology has____________many changes in our hometown.
答案：brought about
(3)The discussion came alive when an interesting topic was____________.
答案：brought in
句型梳理
1【教材原句】 The next morning I’d just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.(P18)
第二天早上，我正感到絕望的時(shí)候，一艘船發(fā)現(xiàn)了我。
【句法分析】 had just done...when...剛做完某事，這時(shí)……
be doing...when...正在做……這時(shí)……
be about to do...when...正要做……這時(shí)……
be on the point of doing...when...正要做……這時(shí)……
①He had just gone to bed when the telephone rang.
他剛上床睡覺，這時(shí)電話響了。
②He was reading newspapers when he heard his name called.
他正在讀報(bào)，這時(shí)聽到有人叫他的名字。
③I was about to go out when an unexpected visitor came.
我正要出門，一位不速之客來(lái)訪了。
④She was on the point of leaving when I arrived.
她正要離開，這時(shí)我來(lái)了。
[即境活用]
9．(2010年高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Tom was about to close the window________his attention was caught by a bird.
A．when B．if
C．a(chǎn)nd D．till
解析：選A。句意：湯姆正要關(guān)上窗戶，就在這時(shí)一只鳥引起了他的注意。在句式“...be about to do...when...”中，when作并列連詞，相當(dāng)于and at that time，句中was about to close為標(biāo)志詞，故答案為A項(xiàng)。
2【教材原句】 Indeed，sir，I hope you’ll come here whenever you like.(P22)
真的，先生，我希望您想來(lái)的時(shí)候，您就來(lái)。
【句法分析】 whenever 意為“在任何時(shí)候，無(wú)論何時(shí)”。
(1)whenever，wherever，however 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于no matter when/where/how。
(2)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever 既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，在引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)相當(dāng)于no matter what/who/which/whom。
(3)however 用作連接副詞，相當(dāng)于no matter how，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是“不管怎樣……；無(wú)論如何……”，具體結(jié)構(gòu)為：however＋形容詞/副詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)。
①Whenever we met with difficulties，they came to help us.
每當(dāng)我們遇到困難的時(shí)候，他們都會(huì)幫助我們。
②However great the difficulties are，we must complete the task in time.不管困難有多大，我們都必須及時(shí)完成任務(wù)。
③Whatever your problems are，you mustn’t lose heart.
不管你面臨的是什么問(wèn)題，都不要失去信心。
【溫馨提示】 whichever，whatever在句中還可作定語(yǔ)。
④The content is the same whichever book you choose.
不管你選哪一本書，內(nèi)容都是一樣的。
[即境活用]
10．(2010年高考上海卷)________you may have，you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
A．However a serious problem
B．What a serious problem
C．However serious a problem
D．What serious a problem
解析：選C。句意：不論你的問(wèn)題有多嚴(yán)重，你都應(yīng)該鼓起勇氣，接受挑戰(zhàn)�？疾闋钫Z(yǔ)從句。分析題干可知逗號(hào)前是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，what不能用來(lái)引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，所以排除B、D兩項(xiàng)；however＋adj.＋a/an＋單數(shù)名詞＝whatever＋a/an＋adj.＋單數(shù)名詞，故C項(xiàng)正確。
11．(2010年高考安徽卷)The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities，________they have the interest.
A．wherever B．whenever
C．even if D．a(chǎn)s if
解析：選C。句意：工程師們?nèi)绱嗣β�，以至于沒時(shí)間做戶外活動(dòng)，即使他們對(duì)做戶外活動(dòng)很感興趣。本題考查連詞。even if即使，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。wherever無(wú)論什么地方；whenever無(wú)論什么時(shí)候；as if好像。
12．(2009年高考陜西卷)The howMto book can be of help to________wants to do the job.
A．who B．whomever
C．no matter who D．whoever
解析：選D。句意：指南類的書對(duì)想從事這項(xiàng)工作的任何人都會(huì)有幫助。本題考查名詞性從句。首先排除C項(xiàng)，no matter who只能引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句；who 表特指；whomever與whoever同樣可以表示任何人，但設(shè)空處連接代詞需作賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)，故排除B項(xiàng)。
13．The magnificent tower must be saved，________ the cost!
A．however B．whichever
C．whatever D．wherever
解析：選C。考查連詞。該句是省略句，省略了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is，補(bǔ)充完整就是whatever the cost is，由此可以看出從句中缺少的是表語(yǔ)。whichever表示在特定范圍內(nèi)選擇，而句中沒有可供選擇的范圍，所以要用whatever，相當(dāng)于no matter what，在此引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
倒裝句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句
倒裝是一種語(yǔ)法手段，用于表示一定的句子結(jié)構(gòu)或強(qiáng)調(diào)某一句子成分。倒裝句有兩種：完全倒裝和部分倒裝。
完全倒裝即把整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)放到主語(yǔ)之前(是整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而非助動(dòng)詞)。
【佳句選粹】
In came the teacher and the class began.
【分析】 句意：老師走了進(jìn)來(lái)，然后開始上
課。in放于句首，整個(gè)句子用了全部倒裝的形
式，came放到了the teacher之前。
部分倒裝即只把謂語(yǔ)的一部分(如助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等)放到主語(yǔ)前，或把句子的強(qiáng)調(diào)成分提前。
【佳句選粹】
Were she to leave right now，she would get there on Sunday.
【分析】 句意：如果她立刻就走，她就能在星期天到達(dá)那里。此句前半部分省去了If，把were提前。
【佳句選粹】
Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.
【分析】 句意：小約翰直到昨天才改變了主意。否定詞放于句首，主句用部分倒裝，did提到了主語(yǔ)little John之前。
強(qiáng)調(diào)句是一種修辭，是人們?yōu)榱吮磉_(dá)自己的意愿或情感而使用的一種形式，寫作中常使用強(qiáng)調(diào)
句，常見的有：
【佳句選粹】
It was on Monday night that all this happened.
【分析】 句意：所有這一切發(fā)生在周一晚上。用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：“It is(was)＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分＋that(who)＋原句其他成分”來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話人的意
愿，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間“on Monday night”。
【佳句選粹】
①He does know the place well.
他的確很熟悉這個(gè)地方。
②Do write to me when you get there.
你到那兒后務(wù)必給我來(lái)信。
【分析】 用助動(dòng)詞“do(does/did)＋動(dòng)詞原形”來(lái)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。
（小周）