科目 英語
年級 高二
文件 high2 unit24.1.doc
標題 Mainly revision
章節 第二十四單元
關鍵詞 高二英語第二十四單元
內容
一、教法建議
【 拋磚引玉 】
單元雙基學習目標
Ⅰ. 詞匯學習
tie , chain , haircut , pin , secretary , forgive , owe , trick , roll , tear ( v ) , wish…every success , congratulate… on , help…out , insist on , painter , repay , play a trick on , be tired of .
Ⅱ. 交際英語 （復習下列交際用語）
1 . 談論天氣的用語：
It's a beautiful day today .
It is a bit…today , isn't it?
Tomorrow will turn out fine .
2 . 表示決意的用語：
I've decided……
I'd rather ( not ) have……
I'd prefer them ( not ) to……
3 . 表示祝賀或祝愿的用語：
I'd like to congratulate you ( on…… )
I wish you every success .
Ⅲ. 語法學習
“倒裝句”何時不倒裝
一般說來，英語倒裝有兩個原因：一是語法結構的需要；一是為了強調。在需要倒裝的各種 句型中，有時主語和謂語并不需要倒裝，現歸納如下。
※ 在特殊疑問句中，若疑問詞作主語，主謂不倒裝。如：
What happened to Yang Pei?
※ 在特殊疑問句中，若疑問詞修飾主語，主謂不倒裝。如：
Whose books are on the teacher's desk?
※ 陳述式疑問句主謂不倒裝。如：
You don't know the way?
※ 在某些感嘆句中主謂不倒裝。如：
How he worked!
※ 以 here , there , off , up , down 等副詞開頭的句子，若主語為代詞時，主謂語不倒 裝。
Here you are .
Off they ran to school .
※ 當 only 位于句首修飾主語時，主謂不倒裝。如：
Only girls can do it well .
※ 當 not only…but also… 位于句首連接兩個并列主語時，主謂不倒裝。如：
Not only he but also I am from the south . 不僅他是而且我也是南方人。
※ 把副詞 so 提前，如果兩句的主語相同，且后者只是進一步肯定前者，so 后面的語序不 必倒裝。如：
-He works hard . 他學習很努力。
-So he does . 是很努力。
※ 以 so 開頭，表示“也”時，特別是在“so it + be + with + 名詞 ( 代詞 ) ”句型中， 主謂不倒裝。如：
Men can't live without air and water . So it is with animals and plants .
※ 直接引語的一部分或全部位于句首，如果主語是人稱代詞，主謂不倒裝。如：
-I don't want to be examined , he answered .
-Let me be .
【 指點迷津 】
when，where 和 why 引導的定語從句和同位語從句之區別
when , where 和 whey 既可以引導定語從句，也可以引導同位語從句，它們的相同點是在兩 種從句中都可以充當狀語成分。不同點是：when , where 和 why 作關系副詞引導定語從句時， 有跟它們含義相應的先行詞，如 when 的相應先行詞是表示時間的名詞，where 的相應先行詞是 表示地點的名詞，why 的相應先行詞是表示原因的名詞。當 when , where 和 why 作連接副詞引 導同位語從句時，則沒有與它們含義相應的先行詞。試比較：
I'll never forget the day when ( = on which ) we met for the first time . ( 定語 從句 )
I have no idea when we met for the first time ( 同位語從句 )
The office where ( = in which ) you work is here . ( 定語從句 )
Then arose the question where we were to get so much money . ( 同位語從句 )
The reason why ( = for which ) he did not come is quite clear . ( 定語從句 )
Xiao Wang has solved the problem why the TV was out of order . ( 同位語從句 )
以上例句中 when , where 和 why 作關系副詞引導定語從句時，可以改為“介詞 + 關系代 詞 which”來引導；而引導同位語從句的 when , where 和 why 就不能這樣改。
二、學海導航
【 學法指要 】
單元重點詞匯點撥
1 . forgive 為不規則動詞，過去式為 forgave , 過去分詞為 forgiven ; 意為“寬恕 ( 人、罪等 ) ，原諒，饒恕 ( 某人的行為 ) ”。例如：
She forgave her husband .
If you apologize , the teacher may forgive your negligence .
2 . insist 意為“一定要；堅持要求”，既可用作及物動詞，也可用作不及物動詞。當其作 不及物動詞時，其后通常跟 on 或 upon 引起的短語。例如：
They insisted on an early decision .
The doctor insisted on operating on the patient at once .
He insisted upon going there on foot .
He insisted on my studying English together with them .
當 insist 用作及物動詞時，通常用句型 insist + that 從句。從句中的謂語動詞常用虛擬 語氣，即用“should + 動詞原形”，其中的 should 常可省略。例如：
I insisted that the meeting ( should be ) be put off .
She insisted that he daughter ( should ) go on to learn English after she left school .
We insisted that he should come to the party . ( = We insisted on his coming to the party . )
3 . own 用作形容詞時，意為“自己的，自己的東西”；用作動詞時，意為“擁有；承 認”。
This is a picture of my own painting .
The three children grew up and had families of their own .
4 . remind 是及物動詞，意為“使 ( 人 ) 想起”，后跟 of 引起的短語。例如：
I was reminded of my promise .
The photo reminds me of my school life .
The letter from my friend reminded me of our school days .
remind 還可以譯為“使人想起；提醒”，后面可以跟帶不定式的復合結構，或跟賓語從句。 例 如：
She reminded me that I hadn't watered the flowers .
Please remind me to hand in my composition tomorrow .
5 . wish 常可用來表示祝愿。例如：
I wish you a pleasant journey home .
I wish you success / luck / happiness / victory .
I wish you a happy birthday .
I wish you happy / lucky / well .
I wish you safe in the journey .
在英語中“wish + that - clause . ”表示“但愿……；希望……”，賓語從句用虛擬語氣。 賓語從句如果和主句所表示的動作同時發生，從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時；如果賓語從句所表 示的動作先于主句，從句中的謂語動詞用過去完成時；如果賓語從句所表示的動作后于主句，從 句中的謂語動詞用過去將來時。例如：
I wish I had your brain .
I wish I were taller .
I wish something interesting would happen very soon .
I wish you would forget it .
I wished that I had known what to say .
I with I hadn't said those terrible things about her .
單元詞組思維運用
1 . be tired of ( = be no longer interested in ) 意為“對……厭煩”。例如：
Are you tired of living in the city?
They are tired of the same food for supper every evening .
Don't make so much noise , I am tired of it .
2 . congratulate……on 表示“就某事祝賀某人”，其中 congratulate 是及物動詞，意為 “祝賀；道賀”。例如：
I congratulate you on your achievements with all my heart .
We warmly congratulate you on your success .
He congratulated us on getting married .
I heartily congratulate myself on having chosen a good woman to be my wife .
He has sent me a telegram congratulating me on my success .
表示“祝賀”時，也可使用 congratulations ( 常用復數形式 ) 。例如：
Congratulations on your success .
You passed the examination successfully . Please accept my congratulations .
3 . drop in 意為“順便來訪；到……家來”，常用于非正式文體中。表示“來訪某家” 時，用“drop in at…”，表示“來訪某人”時，用“drop in on……”。例如：
Please drop in at my office when you happen to be free .
I'd like to drop in at Mr Sun on the way to school .
Xiao Wang often dropped in when he worked at the college .
I just dropped in to see if he was at home studying English .
4 . earn one's living 意為“謀生；掙錢生活”，其中 earn 是及物動詞。例如：
He earned his living as a teacher .
She had to help her husband to earn a living by teaching at a language school .
Do you know how much he earns a month?
Rescuing a drowning man earned him the respect of all .
5 . help……out 意為“幫助 ( 做某事；克服困難等 ) ”。例如：
Nobody helped me out when I lost my job .
The students help out in the factory after school .
Kate fell ill last week , many of her friends came to help out .
He often helps us out when we have been in trouble .
6 . “Let's drink to……”是祝酒的用語，介詞 to 后跟名詞，表示“為 ( 某事 ) 干杯” 的意思。例如：
Let's drink to the success of Mr John .
Let's drink to your further achievements .
Now , let's drink to the friendship between both of us .
表示“我提議為……干杯”可以使用“I should like to propose a toast to……”。例 如：
I should like to propose a toast to the health of all the friends present here!
I'd like to propose a toast to the further development of our country .
7 . make progress 意為“取得進步”，其中 progress 為不可數名詞。例如：
The great leader chairman Mao said , “Study hard and make progress every day . ”
In order to improve his spoken English , he listens to English programmes every day , at last he made great progress .
8 . What a shame! ( 真遺憾!真不像話! ) 用來表示“遺憾；憤懣”。可以單獨使用，也可 以后跟 that - clause 或不定式短語。例如：
-Li Lei didn't do his homework yesterday .
-What a shame!
What a shame that I failed in the mid - term examinations!
What a shame to spare him so much time!
單元難點疑點思路明晰
1 . I'd also like to congratulate you on your good work . 同時我還為你的工作祝賀 你。
congratulate sb . on sth . 因為……向某人祝賀 congratulation ( 名詞 ) 多以復數形式 出現。
注意：celebrate 同 congratulate 的區別：celebrate 表示慶祝，賓語常常為一個 special day or special event . 如：celebrate National Day 慶祝國慶 celebrate birthday 慶祝生 日 congratulate 的賓語常為 sb .
2 . You've done very well . 你做得很好。 do well in 在……方面做得好 He did well in the game . 在這次比賽中他表現得很出色。
3 . the three of us / three of us
the three of us 表示我們三個人；three of us 表示我們中的三個人。
4 . At the moment in my country there are very few such schools . 目前在我國這類 學校太少了。
注意：at the moment , for the moment , for a moment 和 in a moment 之區別。
at the moment “此時”、“此刻” ( 現在時態 ) “那時” ( 過去時態 )
He is busy at the moment 他此刻很忙。
At the moment he was busy preparing his lessons . 那時，他正忙于準備功課。
for the moment “目前”、“暫時”，如：
Please stop discussing for the moment . 請暫停討論。
for a moment“一會兒”、“片刻”，如：
I'd like to talk with you for the moment . 我想和你談一會兒。
in a moment “立即”、“馬上”，如：
I'll be back in a moment . 我馬上就回來。
5 . ……but none of the banks I spoke to were interested , ……但是，我去找過的銀 行沒有一家感興趣。
1 ) I spoke to 是定語從句，省略了連接詞 that。
2 ) none / no one
none 可以和 of 連用，no one 不可以。none 做主語，謂語可以用單數也可以用復數；no one 做主語，謂語用單數。none 既可以指 sb . 也可以指 sth . ; no one 單指 sb . 。用 How many 提問時，用 none 回答；用 Are there / Is there 提問時，用 no one 回答。
6 . Could I drop in at your house……?到你家拜訪你好嗎?
could 在這里是一種委婉語氣，表示征求意見。
drop in at 加地點；drop in on拜訪某人。如：
I'd like to drop in on you next week . 下周我去拜訪你。
7 . Is he expecting you?他在等你嗎?
expect --在此句中相當于 wait for 等待。但是 wait for 單純強調動作，expect 強調 內心的企盼。如：
We're expecting a telephone .
Is this the letter you've been expecting?
But we should not expect success over night .
8 . I've just arrived myself so forgive me if I don't seem to know what's going on . 我自己也剛到，所以，如果我看來不了解情況的話，那么請你原諒。
1 ) myself 是 I 的同位語，可以放在主語 I 后面。
2 ) go on 在此句中表示“發生，進展”。
如：What's going on here?這兒發生什么事了?
9 . And I owe you some money . 我還欠著你的錢呢。
( 1 ) 句中 owe , vt , 作“欠 ( 錢 ) 、借錢、負債”解。其后常跟雙賓語，即：owe sb . sth 或 owe sth . to sb . 如：
I owe the tailor ＄20 . = I owe ＄20 to the tailor .
I owed Mary 70 dollars when I was in Paris . 我在巴黎時，欠瑪麗70美元。
( 2 ) owe 還有“應把……歸功于……”之意。如：
He owes his success to hard work and practice .
I owe it to the doctor that I am still alive .
10 . I'm afraid I'm still not very good at it , though . 不過很遺憾。我在中文方面 學得還不太好。
①I'm afraid + 從句，其意思相當于 I'm sorry , but……。在口語中常常帶有遺憾的口 氣，用來引出帶有歉意的回絕，或引出不好的消息等。其意思為“很遺憾”，“恐怕”，“對不 起”，“我認為”，例如：
〖 辨析 〗be afraid of 后接動名詞短語，表示不愿產生或怕產生一種后果。意為“怕
……”，“擔心……”。be afraid 后接不定式短語，表示不敢做出一種行動。意為“不敢 ……”。
He handed the cup with care , because he was afraid of breaking it .
The little girl is afraid to go out at midnight .
②I'm afraid not 與 I'm afraid so 常用作答語。如：
“Can you lend me a pen?”“I'm afraid not . ”
“It's going to rain . ”“I'm afraid so . ”
③句中的 though 是副詞，意為“可是，但是”，一般單獨放在句末。例如：
He said he would come , he didn't , though . 他說他會來，可是他并沒有來。
It's hard work . I enjoy it , though . 工作很苦，但我干得很快活。
I've got a bit of a cold . It's nothing serious , though . 我有點感冒，但是并不嚴 重。
-Nice day .
-Yes . A bit cold , though .
11 . It's a pity you missed the sports meeting last week . 很可惜，上周的運動會你 錯過了。
①“It is ( was , seems ) a pity ( that ) ……”是表示遺憾的口語句型。that 從句就 是指所遺憾的事情。在口語中 that 常省略。從結構上講，it 是形式主語，that 從句是真正的 主語。句型意思是“可惜的是……”，“遺憾的是……”。例如：
It's a pity ( that ) we missed the wonderful show last night .
It's a pity too much waste has been poured into the river .
②還可用感嘆句的結構來表示遺憾。如：
What a pity!真可惜! ( 真遺憾! )
What a pity he couldn't go with you . 真可惜，他不能和你一起去。
12 . Mr Brain has just heard Zheng Jie playing the piano in a concert . 布雷恩先 生剛剛聽了鄭杰在音樂會上的鋼琴演奏。
I read about you in the newspaper and decided to come and hear you play .
Fortunately people want to come and hear me play .
【 講解 】①以上是94課中出現的三句話，在上述三個句子中，可歸納為“主語 + 謂語 + 賓 語 + 賓語補足語”的結構。其中的賓語補足語可以是不帶 to 的不定式 ( play ) , 也可以是 v - ing 形式 ( playing ) .
②在 see , hear , feel , watch , notice 等表示感覺的動詞后，既可用 v - ing 構成復 合賓語，也可用不帶 to 的動詞不定式構成復合賓語。兩者之間有時有差別。用 v - ing , 表示 動作正在進行，即處于發生的過程中，還沒有結束；用不定式則表示動作發生了。試比較：
Do you hear someone knocking at the door? ( 講時還在敲 )
I heard someone knock at the door three times . ( 講時敲的動作已結束 )
I noticed her coming into the room .
I noticed her come into her room and sit down on one chair .
【 妙文賞析 】
Stay Calm Like Me
Mr Cooler is a successful business man . He is proud of himself .
“To be successful in business , ”he often says , “One must first learn to stay calm , -- always stay calm no matter what has happened . ”
One day , when Mr Cooler came home from his office , he found his wife very annoyed ( 惱火 ) .
“What's the matter , dear?”Mr Cooler asked .
“Power cut again ( 又停電了 ) !”said his wife . “All the electric appliances (
電器 ) stopped working . What shall we have for supper? Look , the chicken is ha
lf done in the oven ( 烤箱 ) ，and……” .
Mr Cooler shook his head . He always thought that he was more sensible ( 明智 ) than his wife , and now he started to give her a lecture on the importance of always keeping calm .
“Well , ”he finally said , “it's a waste of your energy to get excited about small things . Train yourself to be patient , like me . A strong person is quiet . He thinks and then takes the most reasonable action . Now look , a fly has just landed on my nose . Am I getting excited or annoyed? Am I swearing ( 詛咒 ) or waving my arms around? No , I'm not . I am perfectly calm . ”
“But , ”his wife looked closer and said , “but that's not a fly . That's a bee . ”
“What!”Mr Cooler started shouting . He jumped up and shook his head . He began to wave his arms wildly and even swear .
“Stay calm and think , ”Mrs Cooler said , but her husband had already fallen on his back over a chair and had his glasses broken .
【 思維體操 】
A student asked a teacher how old he was , the teacher said , “When I was your present age , you were only two years old ; When you are my present age , I will be thirty - eight years old . ”Now please help me to guess how old the teacher is , and how old the student is .
答案：26歲，14歲 ( Let“x”be the teacher's age , and“y” , the student's age . According to the text we have : 38 - y = x - 2 x - y = y - 2 .
三、智能顯示
【 心中有數 】
單元語法發散思維
淺談終止性動詞和延續性動詞
英語中的連系動詞和行為動詞有終止性和延續性之分。顧名思義，終止性動詞表示動作是瞬 間發生，且不能延續的，常見的有 come , leave , go , begin , finish , start , open , arrive , find , receive , hit , join , buy , borrow , marry , stop 等。表示可以延續一 段時間的動作或狀態的詞叫延續性動詞。如：study , know , stand , wait , love , stay , work , last 等。
※ 在現在完成時中
延續性動詞可與表示一段時間的介詞短語 for 或 since 連用。如：
We have studied English for six years .
I have taught history in this school since 1990 .
終止性動詞的現在完成式則不能與 for 或 since 短語連用。如：
His friend has joined the army for ten years . ( 誤 )
終止性動詞在現在完成時中若要與表示一段時間的 for 或 since 短語連用，要改變結構， 通常可變為：
1 . “連系動詞 + 表語”的結構：
His friend has been in the army for ten years .
Her husband has been away for five days .
2 . 用“……ago”來表示時間狀語
His friend joined the army ten years ago .
Her husband has been away for five days .
2 . 用“……ago”來表示時間狀語
His friend joined the army ten years ago .
Her husband left home five days ago .
3 . 用“it is……since……”的結構來替換終止性動詞。
It is ten years since his friend joined the army .
It is five days since her husband left home .
※ 在……till ( until ) 結構中
和……till ( until ) 結構連用時，延續性動詞只能用于肯定式，終止性動詞只能用于否定 式。如：
He worked until seven o'clock yesterday afternoon .
He won't come here till Sunday .
※ 在由 when 或 while 引導的狀語從句中
終止性動詞不能用在由 while ( 當……的時候 ) 引導的時間狀語從句中。如：
When I got home , he was watching TV . ( 正 )
While I went into the lab , the old scientist was doing an experiment . ( 誤 )
※ 值得注意的兩點
1 . 終止性動詞一般不可用于進行時態。如 go , come , leave , start 等，有時用于“進 行時態”形式，是表示“即將”的意思。如：
New Year's Day is coming near .
Mr White is leaving for London tomorrow .
2 . 終止性動詞不可用于“how long……”引出的疑問句。如：
How long have you borrowed the book? ( 誤 )
How long have you kept the book? ( 正 )
【 動手動腦 】
單元能力立體檢測
1 . none / no one
( 1 ) Up to now _____ has landed on Mars .
( 2 ) _____ of us is perfect .
( 3 ) -Did anyone come to ask for me?
- _____ .
2 . hear sb . do / doing sth .
( 1 ) At midnight I woke up and heard the wind _____ ( blow ) .
( 2 ) Then I often heard him _____ ( play ) the guitar alone on the bank .
3 . be tired of / from
( 1 ) He was tired _____ being interrupted by frequent phone calls .
( 2 ) I've been / got tired _____ intense work .
4 . drop in on / at / to do / for
( 1 ) Will you mind if you drop in _____ my parents on t way home?
( 2 ) He often dropped in _____ tea .
( 3 ) Let's drop in _____ Brown's at the weekend .
5 . plan to do / planned to have done ( = had planned to do )
( 1 ) We planned to _____ ( visit ) the Emei Mountain , but the floods prevented us from setting off .
( 2 ) I planned to _____ ( run ) a company of my own , so I refused her offer .
6 . expect / hope / wait for
( 1 ) -Why are you standing here?
- I'm _____ you . ”
( 2 ) The young couple are _____ a baby .
7 . help sb . out / with
( 1 ) When I was in trouble , my neighbors would come to help me _____ .
( 2 ) Little Alice is a good girl ; she often helps her mother _____ housework .
8 . insist that sb . should do / sb . is right ( wrong )
( 1 ) All insisted that what Galileo said ______ ( be ) wrong .
( 2 ) I insist that any parent ______ ( not tear ) his / her children's letters .
答案與簡析：
1 . ( 1 ) no one ( 2 ) None ( 3 ) No one。 no one 指泛指意義的“沒任何人”；none 指特定范圍內 ( 特指 ) “沒任何人”，因此與“of + n . ”結構搭配時須用 none。 2 . ( 1 ) blowing ( 2 ) play。 hear sb . do sth . 只說明“聽到某人做某事”這件事，強調結果，故 常用來表經常性和重復性行為，hear sb . doing sth . 強調“聽到某人正做某事”。類似的動 詞還有 see , notice , look at , listen to等。 3 . ( 1 ) of ( 2 ) from。 be / get tired of“厭煩……”；be / get tired from ( with ) “因……而累 ( 疲憊 ) ”。 4 . ( 1 ) on ( 2 ) for ( 3 ) at。 drop in on“順便走訪 ( 某人 ) ，”drop in at “順便走訪 ( 某地 ) ，”drop in for “順便做……” ( drop in to do sth . ) 。 5 . ( 1 ) have visited ( 2 ) run。 plan to do……“打算做……”；planned to have done ( = had planned to do…… ) “本打算做…… ( 但未做成 ) 。” 6 . ( 1 ) waiting ( 2 ) expecting。 wait 表時間上的等待，常表遲誤或等不及，expect 表希望或預期某事將發生。 7 . ( 1 ) out ( 2 ) with。 help out “幫忙 ( 做事，克服困難等 ) ；help sb . with sth . ( = help sb . to do sth . ) “幫助某人做某事”。 8 . ( 1 ) was ( 2 ) ( should ) not tear。 “堅持要某人做……”，從句中的謂語動詞用 ( should ) + v . 構成的虛擬語氣；前例為“堅持認為”。
【 創新園地 】
你能區別下面一些貌合神離的句子嗎?請翻譯成恰當的漢語。
1 . They are sure to meet him .
They are sure of meeting him .
2 . He has gone into business .
He has gone to business .
3 . He was shot on his way home .
He was shot at on his way home .
4 . They are searching the thief .
They are searching for the thief .
5 . He has been away for the last month .
He has been away since last month .
6 . When Jack arrived , I was just going to bed .
I was just going to bed when Jack arrived .
7 . She is good to do that .
She is good at doing that .
8 . He was working at a table at this time yesterday .
He was working on a table at this time yesterday .
9 . Is John at home? Is John home yet?
10 . There were very few passengers that escaped without serious injury .
There were very few passengers , who escaped without serious injury .
請你翻譯好后把答案反饋給我們。
答案：1 . 他們肯定會見到他。他們深信是會見到他的。2 . 他經商去了。他上班去了。3 . 他 在回家的路上被槍殺了。在回家的路上，有人向他開槍。4 . 他們正在搜查那個小偷 ( 搜身 ) 。 他們正在搜捕那個小偷 ( 小偷在逃。 ) 5 . 這個月他都不在家 ( 剛過去的30天 ) 。他從上個月起 就一直不在家。6 . 杰克到達時，我正要上床睡覺。我正要上床睡覺，恰恰在這時候，杰克來了。7 . 她真好，做了這件事。她擅長于做這樣的事。8 . 昨天這時候，他在伏案工作。昨天這個時候，他在做一張桌子。9 . 約翰在家嗎?約翰回到家里了嗎?10 . 沒有幾個旅客不受重傷的 ( 大家都受了傷 ) 。旅客很少，他們幾乎沒人受重傷 ( 脫險了 ) 。