核心詞匯
1．The firemen____________(營(yíng)救)three women from the burning house.
2．He couldn’t help____________(爆發(fā))into tears when he saw his mother again.
3．Unluckily，the house that we talked about is in____________(廢墟)．
4. The soldiers____________(使陷入困境)their enemies and forced them to give in.
5．I find it hard to____________(判斷)how the election will go.
6．On arriving there，we expressed our____________(祝賀)to him on his success.
7．We were____________(震驚)at their terrible working conditions.
8．The umbrella is a poor____________(避身處)from heavy rain.
9．Thousands of people died in the earthquake，and many children became homeless because of the natural____________(災(zāi)難)．
10．On seeing the ____________ scene，the little girl was so ____________ that she burst out crying.(frighten)
11．Mr.Wang couldn’t____________himself clearly when he heard the news，but I could tell from his____________that he was very upset.(express)
12．____________from what he said just now，he must be an honest man.On the contrary，he often tells a lie，so we should not ____________a man by his appearance.(judge)
1.rescued 2.bursting 3.ruins 4.trapped 5.judge 6.congratulations 7.shocked 8.shelter 9.disaster 10.frightening；frightened 11.express；expression,12.Judging；judge
高頻短語(yǔ)
1．________________ 立刻；馬上
2．________________ 好像；仿佛
3．________________ 結(jié)束；終結(jié)
4．________________ 嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪
5．________________ 掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn)
6．________________ 許多；大量的
7．________________ 刮走
8．________________ 代替；而不是
9．________________ 陷入
10．________________ 埋頭于
1.right away 2.as if 3.at an end 4.in ruins 5.dig out 6.a(great)number of 7.blow away 8.instead of 9.be trapped in 10.be buried in
重點(diǎn)句式
1．________________the world was at an end!
仿佛到了世界末日！
2．Thousands of families were killed and many children________________.
成千上萬(wàn)的家庭被毀，許多孩子成了孤兒。
3．____________people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
死傷人數(shù)達(dá)到40多萬(wàn)。
4．____________they looked nearly everything was destroyed.
人們無論朝哪里看，哪里的一切都幾乎被毀了。
5．____________hope was____________lost.
不是所有的希望都破滅了。
6．The army organized teams to____________were trapped and to bury__________.
解放軍組成小分隊(duì)，將受困的人們挖出來，并將死者掩埋。
知識(shí)詳解
1.It seemed as if 2.were left without parents 3.The number of 4.Everywhere 5.All；not 6.dig out those who；the dead
1.burst vt.& vi. (使)爆裂；(使)裂開；(使)炸開；突然出現(xiàn)；爆發(fā) n． 突然破裂；爆發(fā)
(回歸課本P26)In the city，the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.
在市內(nèi)，有些建筑物的水管爆裂開來。
12
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P261)He felt he would burst with anger and shame.
他惱羞成怒，都要?dú)庹恕?/p>
②(牛津P261)Firefighters burst the door open and rescued them.
消防隊(duì)員撞開門，把他們救了出來。
③Scarcely had she heard the news about the death of Michael Jackson when she burst out crying/burst into tears.
她一聽到邁克爾杰克遜死亡的消息，就失聲痛哭起來。
[即境活用]
1．完成句子
(1)他沒敲門就闖進(jìn)房間。
He ________ ________ ________ ________without knocking at the door.
答案：burst into the room
(2)我走了進(jìn)去，所有的人都突然放聲大笑起來。
I walked in and everyone________ ________ ________.
答案：burst out laughing
2.injure vt. 損害；傷害
(回歸課本P26)Twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.
他們中有2/3在地震中傷亡。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(朗文P1065)Two men were severely injured trying to save a 5yearold girl from a pit bull.
兩名男子奮力從比特犬嘴下救出一名五歲小女孩時(shí)身受重傷。
②Your words may injure her pride.
你的話也許會(huì)傷她的自尊。
③The injured were sent to hospital right away.
傷員被立即送往醫(yī)院。
[易混辨析]
wound，injure，hurt，harm
(1)wound一般指外傷，如槍傷、刀傷，尤指戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、戰(zhàn)斗中受傷。
(2)injure一般指由于意外或事故造成的損傷，其賓語(yǔ)常為健康、成就、容貌等，強(qiáng)調(diào)功能的損失。
(3)hurt可以指肉體上的傷害，也可以指精神上的傷害，特指伴有疼痛的肉體上的傷害；作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，是“痛”的意思。
(4)harm用于肉體或精神上的傷害均可，有時(shí)可指引起不安或不便。
①About 50 people were seriously wounded in the attack.
②One of the players injured his knee and had to be carried off.
③What really hurt me was that he never answered my letters.
④Don’t harm your eyes by reading in dim light.
[高效記憶]
[即境活用]
2．Unfortunately，at least 20 miners were killed,22________and 13 ________ in the coal mine gas explosion.
A．injuring；trapping
B．injured；trapped
C．injured；trapping
D．injuring；trapped
解析：選B。考查省略和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。miners與injure和trap之間都是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以句子要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。該句是一個(gè)省略句，補(bǔ)充完整為：Unfortunately，at least...,22 miners were injured and 13 miners were trapped in the...。句意：不幸的是，在這起煤礦瓦斯爆炸中，至少有20人死亡，22人受傷，13人被困。
3.ruin n．[U] 毀壞；毀滅；崩潰 n．[C](pl.) 廢墟；遺跡 v． (使)破產(chǎn)；(使)墮落；毀滅
(回歸課本P26)In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
在可怕的15秒內(nèi)，一座大城市就成為一片廢墟。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P1747)That one mistake ruined his chances of getting the job.
正是這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤斷送了他得到那份工作的機(jī)會(huì)。
②(牛津P1747)Years of fighting have left the area in ruins.
經(jīng)年的戰(zhàn)事已經(jīng)使得這個(gè)地區(qū)滿目瘡痍。
③The war brought the country to ruin.
戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)毀滅了這個(gè)國(guó)家。
[即境活用]
3．It rained for two weeks on end，completely________our holiday.
A．ruined B．to ruin
C．ruining D．was ruined
解析：選C。句意：大雨連續(xù)不停地下了兩周，完全毀了我們的假期。ruining為現(xiàn)在分詞作狀
語(yǔ)，表結(jié)果。
4．________is no wonder that the building is________now；it was so big a fire last night.
A．It；in ruins B．That；in ruins
C．There；in ruins D．It；in ruin
解析：選A�！癐t is no wonder that...”是固定句
式，表示“難怪……”；be/lay in ruins是固定短
語(yǔ)，意為“成為廢墟”。
4.bury vt. 埋葬，掩埋；隱藏；使沉浸，使專心；插入，刺入
(回歸課本P26)The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
救援部隊(duì)組成小分隊(duì)，將受困的人們挖出來，并將死者掩埋。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P262)Their ambitions were finally dead and buried.
他們的雄心壯志最終被埋葬了。
②(牛津P262)He buried his face in his hands and wept.
他雙手掩面而泣。
③(牛津P262)Since she left，he’s buried himself in his work.
自從她走后，他全心撲在工作上。
④She had learnt to bury her feelings.
她已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了感情不外露。
[即境活用]
5．他埋頭學(xué)習(xí)，不知道其他人都早已離開了。
________ ________ ________ ________，he didn’t know that all the others had left.
答案：Buried/Absorbed in his study
5.judge v． 斷定；判斷；判決
n． 裁判員；法官；評(píng)判員
(回歸課本P30)Your speech was heard by a group of five judges，all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.
五個(gè)裁判聽了你的演講，他們都同意這是今年最好的演講。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P1098)Don’t judge a book by its cover.
勿以貌取人。
②(牛津P1098)Judging by her last letter，they are having a wonderful time.
從她上封信看，他們過得非常愉快。
③(牛津P1098)As far as I can judge，all of them are to blame.
依我看，他們都應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任。
【溫馨提示】 judging from/by表示“從……上看，根據(jù)……來判斷”，用在句首時(shí)，為一個(gè)獨(dú)立成分，不受句子主語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)影響，只用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，而不采用過去分詞的形式。
[即境活用]
6．I haven’t read all of his books before，but________from the one I have read，I think he’s a very promising writer.
A．judged B．judging
C．determining D．determined
解析：選B。judging from...是固定短語(yǔ)，常在句中作狀語(yǔ)。不管它與主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，都要用judging from形式。
7．I shall make my own________on this matter when I see the result.
A．justice B．judgement
C．intention D．conclusion
解析：選B�！白鞒雠袛唷庇胢ake one’s judgement。justice公正，公平；intention打算，意圖；conclusion結(jié)論，常和動(dòng)詞draw，reach，arrive at，come to等搭配。
6.at an end 結(jié)束；終結(jié)
(回歸課本P26)It seemed as if the world was at an end!
仿佛到了世界末日！
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①The meeting was nearly at an end when I got to the meeting room.
我到達(dá)會(huì)議室時(shí)，會(huì)議快要結(jié)束了。
②By the end of last year，he had learned two thousand English words.
到去年年底為止，他已學(xué)了2000個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。
③They decided to put an end to the quarrel.
他們決定結(jié)束爭(zhēng)吵。
④Being out of work and having two young children，they found it impossible to make ends meet.他們失業(yè)了，還要養(yǎng)活兩個(gè)小孩，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)無法維持起碼的生活。
[即境活用]
8．I’m sorry to say that our food is almost________.We can’t survive if there is no one to help us.
A．by the end B．a(chǎn)t the end
C．in the end D．a(chǎn)t an end
解析：選D�？疾榻樵~短語(yǔ)辨析。by the end到……為止；at the end在……盡頭；in the end最后，終于；at an end結(jié)束，終結(jié)。句意：我很遺憾地說我們的食物快沒了。如果沒人來幫助我們，我們就無法生存了。
7.a number of 許多，大量的
(回歸課本P27)Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.
那么多的人喪生是因?yàn)榈卣鸢l(fā)生時(shí)人們正在睡覺。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P1367)A large number of people have applied for the job.許多人申請(qǐng)了這份工作。
②Helen has a great many friends indeed，but she does not think she has any she can believe in.
海倫固然有許多朋友，可是她認(rèn)為沒有一個(gè)是可以信任的。
③The poor girl from a small village was deeply impressed by the large quantities of food in the big city.
大城市里大量豐富的食品給這個(gè)來自小山村的窮苦的女孩留下了深刻的印象。
[易混辨析]
the number of，a number of
(1)a number of...許多；大量的，后接可數(shù)名詞，在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
(2)the number of...……的數(shù)目，后接可數(shù)名詞，在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
①The number of homeless people has increased dramatically.
②A number of students want to go to college when they finish middle school.
[即境活用]
9．As you can see，the number of cars on our roads________rising these days.
A．was keeping B．keep
C．keeps D．were keeping
解析：選C。句意：正如你所見，目前道路上汽車的數(shù)量在不斷增加。the number of作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，可排除B、D；再根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)these days可知描述的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以選C。
句型梳理
1【教材原句】 It seemed as if the world was at an end！(P26)
仿佛到了世界末日！
【句法分析】 as if＝as though“仿佛；好像”可用來引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句和方式狀語(yǔ)從句。
如果所引導(dǎo)的從句表示的情況是真實(shí)的或是極有可能發(fā)生的情況時(shí)，句子要用陳述語(yǔ)氣；當(dāng)說話人所陳述的是不真實(shí)的或極少可能發(fā)生或存在的情況時(shí)，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
①He kept working as if nothing had happened.
他繼續(xù)工作，仿佛什么都沒有發(fā)生似的。
②When a pencil is partly put into a glass of water，it looks as if it were broken.
當(dāng)把鉛筆的一部分放進(jìn)水里時(shí)，它看上去好像斷了。
③It looks as if it is going to rain.
看起來似乎要下雨。
【溫馨提示】 如果as if引導(dǎo)的從句中的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)相同，且含有be動(dòng)詞，可省略主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞，這樣as if后就只剩下名詞、不定式、形容詞(短語(yǔ))、介詞短語(yǔ)或分詞。
④She walked here and there on the playground as if(she was)looking for something.
她在操場(chǎng)上來回走，好像在找什么東西。
⑤The old man was lying on the ground as if(he was)hurt badly.老人躺在地上，好像傷得很厲害。
⑥He opened his mouth as if to say something.
他張開嘴好像要說什么。
[即境活用]
10．Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it________yesterday.
A．was happening B．happens
C．has happened D．happened
解析：選D。考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。由as if引導(dǎo)的從句通常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，再結(jié)合前面的remembers可知與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，因此用一般過去時(shí)。故選D項(xiàng)。
2【教材原句】 All hope was not lost.(P26)
不是所有的希望都破滅了。
【句法分析】 (1)本句是部分否定句。當(dāng)否定句中有不定代詞all，both，each和含有every的合成詞時(shí)，表部分否定。
①All my friends do not study well.＝Not all my friends study well.我的朋友并不個(gè)個(gè)都學(xué)習(xí)好。
②Everything is not right.
并非什么都好。
【溫馨提示】 凡是具有總括意義的代詞(each，everybody，everything等)、形容詞(complete，whole等)和副詞(completely，always，altogether等)與否定詞not連用，構(gòu)成部分否定，表示“不都；并非都”的意思。而no，none，never，nobody，neither，nothing，no more，no longer等表示否定意義的詞與謂語(yǔ)一起使用就構(gòu)成了全部否定。
③(2010年高考天津卷)Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.
我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次參觀故宮博物館。
④None of us was allowed to go there.
我們?nèi)疾蛔屓ツ抢铩?/p>
(2)be lost/gone/missing丟了，不在。
⑤With all my money lost/missing/gone，I couldn’t go home.
所有的錢都丟了，我無法回家。
⑥When he found his book gone/lost/missing，he was really upset.當(dāng)他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的書丟了時(shí)，他的確很傷心。
[即境活用]
11．(2010年高考江西卷)Swimming is my favorite sport.There is________like swimming as a means of keeping fit.
A．something B．a(chǎn)nything
C．nothing D．everything
解析：選C。句意：游泳是我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)。作為保持健康的方式，沒有什么能比得上游泳了。本題考查不定代詞。根據(jù)上文可知，空格處需要一個(gè)表示否定意義的詞，所以C為答案。
12．-Which of the two computer games did you prefer?
-Actually I didn’t like________.
A．both of them B．either of them
C．none of them D．neither of them
解析：選B。考查代詞。上文為two computer games，下文則講兩者都不喜歡，none表三者及三者以上，可以排除C項(xiàng)。not either在此等同于neither，符合語(yǔ)境。
13．I agree with most of what you said，but I don’t agree with________.
A．a(chǎn)nything B．something
C．everything D．nothing
解析：選C。everything與否定詞連用表示部分否定。
（小周）