重點詞語用法
1.Once [w)ns]
1)adv.
(1)one time一次
①He has only been to Shanghai once. 他只到過一次上海。
②I remember that I went there once or twice before.
我記得我以前到那兒去過一、二次。
(2)at sometime in the past從前;曾經(jīng)
①This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.
這是魯迅曾經(jīng)居住過的房子。
②He was once a college student, now he is a doctor.
他曾經(jīng)是位大學生,現(xiàn)在是醫(yī)生。
2)conj. as soon as一旦……就……
①Once you show any fear, he will attack you.
只要你顯出害怕的樣子,他就會向你進攻。
②Once you put your heart into your study, you will make great progress.
你一旦用心學習,你就會取得巨大進步。
2.follow['f&l+u] vt. 跟隨;聽得清;接受(作為指導或榜樣)
①Follow me, please. 請跟我學。
②English will be followed by mathematics. 英語課后,將上數(shù)學課。
③The teacher spoke so fast that I couldn't follow her.
老師講得那么快,以至于我沒聽懂。
④ I didn't quite follow you, could you say it again?
我沒有十分聽懂,你能再講一遍嗎?
⑤This is a good piece of advice for us to follow.
這是一條我們應(yīng)該接受的好建議。
【注意】 following為形容詞,意為“接著的”。例如:
①In the following days he often came to see us.
在隨后的日子里,他經(jīng)常來看我們。
②He didn't get up until the following week.
他一直到第二個星期才起床。
3.從屬連詞unless的用法
unless用作從屬連詞,引導一個條件狀語從句,相當于if…not,常譯為“如果……不……”“非……不可”“除非”
unless是具有否定意義的連接詞,因此當使用unless引導從句時其謂語形式一般是用肯定形式。使用unless引導條件狀語從句時,要注意以下幾點:
1)unless相當于 if…not,兩者?山惶媸褂。例如:
①Unless the rain stops,I shall not go out for a walk.(=If the rain doesn't stop, I shall not go out for a walk.)
倘若雨不停,我就不出去散步了。
2)如 if…not引導非真實條件句時,一般不可改為 unless。例如:
①If he weren't so silly, he would understand.
如果他不傻的話,他會明白(事實上他很傻)。
3)如果unless引導的從句本身是否定形式,unless就不能由if…not所替代。例如:
①You'll do well in the English examination unless you don't do your homework. 這次英語考試你會考得好的,除非你平時不做作業(yè)。
4.a(chǎn)llow/permit/promise的用法及區(qū)別
1)allow為一般用語,側(cè)重于“默許”,正式的許可需用permit,側(cè)重正面的“允許”,語氣比allow強。例如:
Smoking is not allowed here. 此處不許抽煙。
Smoking is not permitted here. 此處禁止抽煙。
【注意】
(1)permit和allow兩者可以互換,前者較為正式。如:
①Permit(Allow)me to congratulate you on your success.
請允許我祝賀你的成功。
(2)permit后若是動詞作賓語,這一動詞要用動詞-ing形式(動名詞),而不用不定式。如:
①The guard didn't permit entering the camp. 衛(wèi)兵不允許進入營地。
2)promise可用作動詞。意為“允諾”,“答應(yīng)”,和permit, allow意思不一樣。
試比較:
①His mother allowed him to join the army.
他母親允許他參軍。(主語允許賓語“他”去參軍)
②His mother promised him to join the army.
他母親向他允諾去參軍。(主語向賓語允諾“她”去參軍)
【注意】promise也可用作名詞。如:make a promise許諾;keep(carry out)
a promise遵守(履行)諾言;break a promise不守諾言。
5.介詞with的兩種用法
1)with表示“具有”,“帶有”。例如:
①China is a country with a long history. 中國是一個歷史悠久的國家。
②She is a girl with black eyes. 她是一位長著黑眼睛的女孩。
2)with表示“用”。例如:
①Men work with their hands. 人用手勞動。
②Our teacher told us to make sentences with these phrases.
我們老師叫我們用這些詞組造句。
6.glass[gla:s]n.
作為不可數(shù)名詞,意思是“玻璃”。作為可數(shù)名詞,意思是“玻璃杯”,“鏡子”。作“眼鏡”講時,用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
①These bottles are made of glass. 這些瓶子是用玻璃做的。
②There are four glasses on the table. 桌子上有四個玻璃杯。
③Sometimes our teacher of English wears(a pair of)glasses.
有時我們英語老師戴(一副)眼鏡。
7.a(chǎn)s和like的用法
as與like都作連詞,后接方式狀語從句,意思也一樣,都作“如像”,“同……一樣”解。例如:
①Nobody loves you like I do, baby. 孩子,誰也沒有像我這樣疼你。
一般說,如果要說明人與人,物與物,動作與動作,狀態(tài)與狀態(tài)之間有相似之處,可用以用as,也可以用like。但as是連詞,后跟從句;而like是介詞,后跟名詞或代詞。例如:
②Jane is a fine dancer, as her sister is.
簡是一名出色的舞蹈家,和她姐姐一樣。
③Jane isn't much like her sister. 簡不太像她姐姐。
【注意】as也可作介詞,后跟名詞,構(gòu)成介詞短語,其作用同like的介詞短語一樣,意思也相近,但又有區(qū)別,as有“作為”的意思,like作“如,像”解。例如:
①Let me speak to you as a teacher. 我是教師,并以此身份來跟你談話。
②Let me speak to you like your father.
我并非是你的父親,但以父親的口吻同你談話。
8.enough[i'n)f]的基本用法
enough可以用作形容詞(adj.),副詞(adv.)和代詞(pron.)。
1)enough用作副詞,充當形容詞或副詞修飾語,但必須后置。例如:
①He walks slowly enough. 他走得夠慢得了。
②This article is difficult enough to write. 這篇文章夠難寫得了。
2)enough用作代詞,既可代表可數(shù)名詞,也可代表不可數(shù)名詞。例如:
②At the end of six months he had learned enough to read articles and reports in Russian. 六個月底,他已經(jīng)學得足以用俄語讀文章和報告了。
3)enough用作形容詞作定語時,可修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,可放在被修飾的名詞前或后。例如:
①There are enough seats(seats enough)for them all.
有足夠的座位讓他們都坐下。
②I have enough time(time enough)to finish the work.
我有足夠的時間來完成這項工作。
9.show [M+u]
作“解釋,示范”解(to explain or make clear to sb. by words or especially actions),后跟“how +不定式短語”結(jié)構(gòu),作直接賓語。例如:
①The teacher showed the students how to make the mixture.
教師教學生如何配制這種混合物。
②The farmer showed us how to sow the seeds.
那位農(nóng)民教我們?nèi)绾尾シN。
【注意】show還可以表示“出示”(to offer for seeing),“顯露”(to appear),“帶領(lǐng)”(to go with and guide)。
①He showed his ticket. 他出示他的車票。
②His happiness is showed in his smile.
他的喜悅心情顯露在他的微笑里。
③Mr Zhu is showing the students the chemistry lab.
朱先生帶領(lǐng)學生參觀化學實驗室。
10.lend和borrow的區(qū)別
lend是“借出”,表示把東西借給某人,而borrow是借入,表示“從某人那里借東西”。lend后跟兩個賓語,或者用介詞短語 to sb.; borrow后跟
一個賓語,或者用介詞 from sb.。例如:
①I lent Jack my new car. / I lent my new car to Jack. 我把新汽車借給杰克了。
②I borrowed a new car(from Jack).
我從杰克那里借了一部新汽車。
重要詞組短語
1.first of all為常用短語,意為“首先”。例如:
①First of all, I know clearly what I study English for.
首先,我清楚地知道我學英語的目的。
②First of all, we must pay more attention to our handwriting. 首先,我們必須更加注意我們的書法。
2.“not…without…”是一種雙重否定,雙重否定的含義表示肯定概念。意為“只有……才”,“沒有……就不……”。例如:
①Don't begin without asking for advice.
征求意見以后再著手。(未征詢意見前不要開始。)
②He can't speak English without making mistakes.
他一說英語就出錯。
③Fish can't live without water. 魚兒離不開水。
④We couldn't get much progress in our studies without your help. 沒有你的幫助,我們就不會取得學習上這么大的進步。
3.fill…with… 意為“用……裝滿(注滿,填滿)……”。例如:
①Please fill the bank with petrol. 請給油箱加滿油。
②They have filled a hole with sand and mud. 他們用泥沙把一個洞填滿了。
full為形容詞,be full of… 裝滿……。例如:
③The glass is full of water. 玻璃杯裝滿了水。
4.instead of意為“代替;而不是”,相當于in place of,其后可接動詞-ing形式,代詞,介詞短語等。例如:
①The old woman went to the park on Sunday instead of staying at home.
這老太太星期天去公園,而不是呆在家里。
②He went there on foot instead of by bus.
他步行去那里,而不是乘公共汽車去。
③You should be out instead of in on this fine day.
在這樣好天氣里,你應(yīng)該出去,而不應(yīng)呆在屋子里。
④That has increased instead of decreased our courage.
那使我們的勇氣大增而不是減退。
【注意】instead 與 instead of不同。instead為副詞,一般放在句末,否定上文提到的事物,而instead of則為介詞,一般放在句首或句中,否定of后面的賓語。例如:
①Last summer I went to Qingdao. This summer I'm going to Weihai instead.
去年夏天我去了青島,今年夏天我去威海。
(其意思等于:Instead of going to Qingdao, I'm going to Weihai this summer.)
②If Mary is not well enough to go with you, take me instead. 如果瑪麗身體還
不好,不能跟你去,就帶我去吧!
③You can take me with you instead of Mary.
你可以不帶瑪麗而帶我去。
5.make sure 意為“感到確信無疑,確信”(=feel sure, do what is necessary in order to feel sure),其后常跟一個that引導的賓語從句,that可以省略。例如:
①It is said that there will be a lecture on computer tonight, but we'd better make sure.據(jù)說今天晚上有個關(guān)于電腦的講座,可我們最好弄清楚。
②Make sure that the lights are turned off before you leave home.
離家前要確保已經(jīng)關(guān)燈。
常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)
1.“make +名詞/代詞+形容詞”是很有用的句型,make的意思是“使”。
例如:
①We'll do everything that we can to make him happy. 我們將盡力使他高興。
②I know nothing about it. I want to make it clear to you. 我要向你講明,我(一點兒也)不知道這件事。
③We must have plenty of exercises every day and make ourselves strong and healthy. 我們每天必須進行足夠的鍛煉,使身體強健。
2.What about when we leave? What about…? ……怎么樣?……怎么回事”?例如:
①What about going out for a drink?
出去喝一杯怎么樣?
②What about the time when we meet again?
下次見面定在什么時間?
這句也可以用How about…? 通?梢岳斫鉃椋篧hat do you think about…? 的簡略形式;一般用來征求對方的看法或詢問對方的意見。
3.Don't touch anything unless your teacher tells you to. not…unless…不……就不;只是……才能。例:
①I won't believe it unless I have seen it with my own eyes. 我要親眼看到才相信。
②Do not enter the lab unless you are allowed to. 只有經(jīng)過允許才能進入實驗室。
③I can't do it myself unless you help me. 除非你幫助我,不然我無法自己做。
【注意】unless在意思上比較接近if…not, 但語氣比 if… not重,一般只用在將來時態(tài)中。且從句中謂語動詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。在使用中要注意和until, before, after的區(qū)別。例如:You can not really understand it unless you read it carefully.=Y(jié)ou can not really understand it if you do not read it carefully.
再如:He did not leave the house until his father returned. 這一句中的until不能換為unless, 因為unless只能用在將來時中,意為“除非……”,引導條件狀語從句。
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