一、單元考點(diǎn)提示
1.單詞
A advance, bend, besides, except, content, continue, invite, marry, prove, puzzle, receive, accept, respect, support, when, while
B connect, dozen, mention, personally, question
2.短語(yǔ)
A as a result of, ask for, be fond of, by the time, go on with, how much, lead to, learn…by heart, stick to, work out.
B as far as, carry out, in space, look into, not only…but also, with the help of, with+object+prepositional phrase
3.句型
1.“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+it+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（名詞或形容詞）+不定式短語(yǔ)”
2. see sb. doing sth.看見某人做某事
3. It + appears/seems + that – clause.
4. I feel like doing sth.
5. I’d like to do sth.
6.I want/intend/wish/plan to do sth
7.It is+adj.+(for sb.)to do sth.
考點(diǎn)精析與拓展
I．單詞和詞組
1.stick
(1)vt.;vi.粘�。浑x不開；堅(jiān)持
Einstein stuck to his theories and went on with his work.愛因斯坦堅(jiān)持他的理論并繼續(xù)工作下去。
（2）n.枝條；棍，手杖。
Professor Zhang walks with a stick.張教授拄著手杖走路。
2．prove vt.;vi.證明；結(jié)果是；證明是。
①Again history proved them wrong.歷史再次證明他們錯(cuò)了。
②I can prove that he never tells a lie.我能證明他從不說謊。
③The method proved(to be)highly effective.這個(gè)方法證明是非常有效的。
3.content
(1)n.內(nèi)容；目錄
He always reads the contents of a book first of all.他讀書總是先從目錄看起。
（2）adj.滿足的；甘心的
Are you content with your work?你對(duì)你的工作滿意嗎？
（3）vt.使（某人）滿足。
The little boy contented himself with a new toy.那男孩有了新玩具就滿足了。
4.respect
（1）vt.尊重；重視；遵守。
①You should respect the teachers.你們應(yīng)尊敬老師。
②Everyone must respect the law.人人都應(yīng)守法
（2）n.尊敬；請(qǐng)安；問候。
①We have been told to show respect for our elder.父母教導(dǎo)我們必須尊敬長(zhǎng)輩。
②My father sends his respects to your parents.我父親向你父母問好。
5.lend to 引導(dǎo)；導(dǎo)致。
①Labour leads to happiness.勞動(dòng)使人幸福。
②Where does this road lead to?這條路通向哪里？
③His carelessness led to his failre.他的粗心導(dǎo)致失敗。
6.be full of…→be filled with…充滿…
①The classroom was full of students.教室里擠滿了學(xué)生。
②Her eyes were full of tears.她眼淚汪汪的。
7.work out算出；解決。
①Can you work out how much money it will need?你能算出需多少錢嗎？
②I’ve worked out the problem.我已解決了這個(gè)問題。
8.take sides(in)袒護(hù)；站在……一邊。
①They took the side of their child.他們袒護(hù)自己的孩子。
②She has taken sides in the quarrel.她參與了爭(zhēng)吵。
9.question
(1)n.問題。
①Let me ask you a question.讓我問你個(gè)問題。
②He has decided tha question.他解決了這個(gè)問題。
(2)vt.質(zhì)問；詢問。
①He was questioned by the teacher.他受到老師的質(zhì)問。
②I question the truth of the story.我懷疑這個(gè)故事的真實(shí)性。
10.connect vt.; vi.連接；聯(lián)系。
①He connected the two speakers to (with)the recorder.他把兩個(gè)喇叭同錄音機(jī)相連。
②Many people connect China with the Great Wall.許多人把中國(guó)與長(zhǎng)城聯(lián)系在一起。
11. attempt
(1)n.嘗試；企圖。
①He made an attempt to learn to ski.他嘗試著學(xué)滑雪。
②He failed in attempt at climbing up the mountain.他企圖爬上這座山，卻失敗了。
(2)vt.嘗試；企圖。
①She attempted to learn Japanese.她試圖學(xué)習(xí)日語(yǔ)。
②The prisoner attempted an escape.那犯人企圖逃走。
12.keep out of = keep sth.(sb.)out of不使入內(nèi)；不牽涉進(jìn)去。
①Warm clothing will keep the cold out.保暖的衣服可御寒。
②Keep out of their quarrels.不要參與他們爭(zhēng)吵。
13.tell A from B →tell difference between A and B.
①Can you tell the difference between the two words?你能辨別這兩個(gè)單詞間的不同嗎？
②It’s hard to tell one twin from the other.雙胞胎很難分辨。
14.dozens of幾十；許多。
①She bought dozens of dresses.她買了許多衣服。
②I’ve borrowed dozens of books for my daughter.我為女兒借了許多書。
II.句型
1.Einstein lived the rest of his life quietly in the USA.愛因斯坦在美國(guó)安靜地度過了他的余生。
live…life過著……生活
live a hard life過著艱苦的生活
live a happy life 過著愉快的生活
live a quiet life過著安靜的生活
live a miserable life過著悲慘的生活
The working people are living a happy life now.勞動(dòng)人民過著幸福的生活。
2.As a result, it appered to scientists on earth that the stars had moved.因此，地球上的科學(xué)家看來，恒星好像是移動(dòng)了。
句型：It appears/seems(to sb.) +that-clause.看來/似乎是……
①It appears to me that something is wrong.我看好像有點(diǎn)不大對(duì)頭。
②It appears that he will the prize.看來他會(huì)得笑。
3.Einstein.who was a Jew, found it impossible to continue living in Germany.
愛因斯坦是一個(gè)猶太人，他發(fā)現(xiàn)他不可能在德國(guó)繼續(xù)生活下去了。
句型：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+it+形容詞或名詞+不定式短語(yǔ)
此句型中，it 作形式賓語(yǔ)，常用于句型中的動(dòng)詞有find,feel, think, consider, make等。
①I found it quite pleasant to work with him.我發(fā)現(xiàn)和他一起工作很愉快。
②He feels it his duty to help others.他感到幫助別人是他的責(zé)任。
4.I feel like going to a museum.我想去博物館。
feel like…想（做某事）；愿意。
I feel like a drink. Have you got any beer?我想喝點(diǎn)東西，你倆有啤酒嗎？
5.First, it must be very light, the lighter,…首先，它必須很輕，越輕越好，……
句型：the + 形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)，the + 形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)（越……，就越……）
①The more, the better.越多越好。
②The more they talked, the more encouraged they felt.他們?cè)秸f，就越感到鼓舞。
③The more he thought about it, the less he liked.他對(duì)這個(gè)考慮越多，就越不喜歡。
6.The problem with looking into space from the earth is that there is a lot of dust in the earth air.從地球上觀察太空存在一個(gè)問題，這就是地球的大氣中有著大量的塵埃。
with在句中的含意：就……來說。
①With many of the poor, hunger is a constant problem.食不果腹是許多窮人經(jīng)常存在的問題。
②The problem with these men was that they had no knowledge.這些人的主要問題是他們沒有知識(shí)。
三、精典名題導(dǎo)解
題1 （MET 1992）
It worried her a bit _________her hair was turning grey.
A.while B. if C.that D.for
分析：C。該題考查主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞，句中it指主語(yǔ)從句，因意義完整，所以只需要起連接作用的連接詞that.
題2 （NMET 1996）
_________we can’t get seems better than________ we have.
A.What; what B.What; that
C.That; that D.That; what
分析：A。get和have之后都無賓語(yǔ)，故都應(yīng)填what。
題3 （NMET 1996）
___________we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where
分析：B。主語(yǔ)從句表示的是不肯定的意義，故不能選擇C。從意義上看，D不合句意，又因whether能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，而if不能。
題4 （上海 2002）
-Will yo go skiing with me this winter vacation?
-It __________.
A.all depend B.all depends
C.is all depended D.is all depending
分析：B。本題是固定用法。It all depends.“看情況而定”。
題5 （高考改錯(cuò)題）
Who can walk in the space?
分析：去掉the. space 作“空間，太空”講，不與the 連用。space表示具體的空白處、空地等時(shí)（即有修飾語(yǔ)修飾space時(shí)），它應(yīng)與冠詞連用。
題6 （上海 2002）
One may to understand thousands of new words is to gain _________ good knowledge of basic word formation.
A./ B.the C.a D.one
分析：C。知識(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞，但當(dāng)在knowledge前加上修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，需用“a”。
四、課后鞏固訓(xùn)練
第一卷（三部分，共115分）
第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）
第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）
1. How much did each dinner cost?
A. $16. B. $8. C. $32.
2. What does the woman want to know?
A. Where Sally lost her money last week.
B. What Sally had done to break her arm.
C. How Sally was feeling.
3. Which dress did the woman wear?
A. The prettier one.
B. The new one.
C. The more comfortable one.
4. Who is the woman?
A. Ann Robinson’s sister.
B. Ann Robinson’s sister.
C. Ann Robinson’s friend.
5. What will happen if the man does shopping?
A. The woman will cook.
B. He will dine out.
C. He will have to buy some food for the dinner.
第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）
聽第6段材料，回答第6-7題。
6. What are they talking about?
A. Where to spend their holiday.
B. How to drive a tractor.
C. Their summer vacation.
7. Where did Jane spend her summer holiday?
A. On a farm. B. At home. C. In a fruit garden.
聽第7段材料，回答第8-11題。
8. Where did the man go this morning?
A. His own garden. B. A playground. C. The Summer Palace.
9. Did the man often go there early in the morning in the past?
A. No, this is the first time for him.
B. Yes, often.
C. No, only several times.
10. Who did the man see sitting under a tree?
A. Two old women. B. Two old men. C. Two young girls.
11. What kind of sports is Taijiquan?
A. Proper sports. B. General sports. C. National sports.
聽第8段材料，回答第12-14題。
12. Where is the man calling?
A. A train station. B. A park. C. A theatre.
13. What are the prices of the tickets he wants?
A. $3.50. B. $5. C. $7.50
14. What time does he have to collect the tickets?
A. Before 7:50 B. Before 7:45 C. Before 7:15
聽第9段材料，回答第15-17題。
15. What is the man doing?
A. He is painting a picture.
B. He is painting the house.
C. He is painting the fence.
16. What is the woman going to help the man with?
A. She is going to clean the house.
B. She is going to buy a carpet.
C. She is going to make some curtains.
17. Why does the man say sorry to the woman?
A. Because he made a mess in the house.
B. Because he dropped some paint on the carpet.
C. Because he used a colour that woman doesn’t like.
聽第10段材料，回答第18-20題。
18. What did the man do at about 4 o’clock?
A. He drove to have supper with his daughter.
B. He drove to fetch his daughter.
C. He drove back home with his daughter.
19. What did the man stop off at a shop for?
A. To get something for his car.
B. To get some gas.
C. To buy some fruit and bread.
20. What happened according to what you hear?
A. His car fell off the bridge.
B. An earthquake happened.
C. There was something wrong with his car.
第二部分：英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）
第一節(jié) 單項(xiàng)填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）
21. -When will your group go for the spring journey, next week or the week after?
-____
A. Yes, we will. B. At the end of the year, I think
C. That depends. D. It’s my pleasure.
22. -Why not join us in the game?
-_____
A. Oh, that’s all right. B. Sure, please do.
C. No, you do the same. D. Ok, coming.
23. -I can’t find my umbrella.
-You _____ it on the bus.
A. must forget B. must leave
C. must have forgot D. must have left
24. That was the day, I think _____ I’ll never forget in my life.
A. the one B. when C. on which D. in which
25. If you don’t _____ him and his advice seriously, you may feel regret for this some day.
A. keep B. take C. accept D. receive
26. -Why do you drink so much tea?
-Well, _____it doesn’t keep me awake in the nights.
A. although B. as soon as C. as long as D. while
27. With _____ she needed _____, she left the store.
A. something, to buy B. anything, having bought
C. everything, to buy D. everything bought
28. I can _____ some noise while I am reading, but I can’t stand loud noise.
A. put up with B. keep up with C. get along with D. catch up with
29. I don’t think there’s _____in what you’ve said.
A. anything interest B. anything of interest
C. interest of anything D. interesting anything
30. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the courtyard because the light happened to _____.
A. be turned on B. be put up C. go out D. give in
31. They were not yet aware of the hopelessness of their situation, _____the lack of fresh water on the lifeboat.
A. giving B. given C. to give D. being given
32. _____ she wondered if she had made a mistake.
A. Not until long afterwards that
B. It was not until long afterwards that
C. Not long until afterwards
D. It was long afterwards until
33. Hello! I ____ you _____ in Beijing. How long have you been here?
A. don’t know, were B. haven’t known, are
C. didn’t know, were D. hadn’t known, are
34. Ten years had passed. I found she had ____.
A. much white hair B. a little white hair
C. a few white hairs D. a white head of hairs
35. Chaplin, for ____ life had once been very hard, directed a film about life in an American factory.
A. whom B. whose C. that D. which
第二節(jié) 完形填空（共20小題：每小題1.5分，滿分30分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從36-55各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
I made a promise to myself on the drive down to the vacation beach cottage. For two weeks I 36 try to be a loving husband and father. Totally 37 . No ifs, ands or buts.
The idea had come to me as I listened to a commentator 38 my car’s tape player. He was 39 a passage about husbands being 40 of their wives. 41 he went on to say, “Love is an act of 42 . A person can choose to love.” To myself, I had to admit that I had been a selfish husband 43 our love had been dulled by my own insensitivity (感覺遲鈍) . In unimportant ways, really; scolding Evelyn for her tardiness (拖拉); 44 on the TV channel I wanted to watch; throwing 45 day – old newspapers that I knew Evelyn still wanted to read. Well, for two weeks all that would 46 .
And it 47 . Right from the moment I kissed Evelyn at the door and said, “That new yellow sweater looks 48 on you.” “Oh, Tom, you noticed,” she said, surprised and 49 , maybe a little puzzled.
After the long drive, I wanted to sit and read. Evelyn 50 a walk on the beach. I started to refuse, but then I thought, “Evelyn’s been alone here with the children 51 week and now she wants to be alone with me.” We walked on the beach while the children flew their kites.
So it went. Two weeks of not calling the Wall Street investment (投資) firm 52 I am director; a visit to the shell museum, 53 I usually hate museums (and I enjoyed it); 54 my tongue while Evelyn’s getting ready for a late dimmer for us. Relaxed (輕松) and happy, that’s how the whole vacation passed. I made a new promise to keep on 55 to choose love.
36. A. used to B. would C. should D. could
37. A. loving B. lovely C. lovable D. loved
38. A. at B. with C. on D. on
39. A. thinking B. writing C. believing D. reading
40. A. helpful B. useful C. thoughtful D. hopeful
41. A. Instead B. Then C. Otherwise D. Thus
42. A. play B. will C. promise D. story
43. A. that B. but C. when D. if
44. A. insisting B. hanging C. sticking D. suggesting
45. A. about B. up C. away D. in
46. A. happen B. change C. develop D. forbid
47. A. would B. had C. did D. was
48. A. great B. big C. sorry D. tight
49. A. frightened B. anxious C. took D. pleased
50. A. asked B. suggested C. took D. began
51. A. all of B. all C. all of a D. all a
52. A. which B. what C. where D. that
53. A. if B. but C. as D. though
54. A. stopping B. preventing C. keeping D. holding
55. A. reminding B. requiring C. repaying D. remembering
第三部分：閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
The “standard of living” of any country means the average person’s share of the goods and services which the country produces. A country’s standard of living, therefore, depends first and foremost on its ability to produce wealth. “Wealth” in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy: “goods” such as food and clothing, and “services” such as transport and entertainment.
A country’s ability to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a country’s natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on.
Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well as the U. S. in natural resources, but suffered for many years from wars, and for this and other reasons was unable to develop her resources. Stable political conditions and freedom from foreign invasion(侵略) , enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country well served by nature but less well ordered. Another important factor is the technical efficiency (效能) of a country’s people. Old countries that have, through many centuries, trained up a lot of skilled workers and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are laregely unskilled. Wealth also produces wealth. As a country becomes wealthier, its people have a large margin for saving, and can put their savings into factories and machines which will help workers to turn out more goods in their working day.
56. A country’s wealth lies in _____.
A. its standard of living
B. its ability to develop its natural resources
C. its ability to provide goods and services
D. its ability to provide transport and entertainment
57. The word “for most” means _____.
A. most importantly B. firstly
C. largely D. for the most part
58. Which of the following is true?
A. China does not have the ability to turn all its resources to use.
B. U. S. is wealthy just because it has a vast land.
C. According to the passage, water is not a kind of natural resource.
D. With rich natural resources, people can live better.
B
At 2:30 on December 5, 1945, five US Navy training planes took off in clear weather from the base Lauderdale, Florida. The planes flew east over the coast…and disappeared. The group was Flight 19, on a run between Florida and Bahamas. Tailor was the group leader. At about 3:40, Tailor reported that his compasses were not reading properly. The other planes followed their leaders aimlessly, first east, then west, then northeast over the ocean, as Tailor tried to make sure of the direction by radio. Then, suddenly Tailor was heard to give orders to dive…
Quickly, two giant Martin seaplanes were sent up to search for Flight 19. Several hours later, the wind became strong and visibility (能見度) dropped. A return to base was ordered. But only one of the Martin seaplanes landed. Four days later, the Navy and Coast Guard combed a 100,000 square miles area with more than 100 planes and ships. No sign was ever shown of the missing planes.
Today, people have noted the disappearance of many ships and planes in the southwest part of the North Atlantic and began to call this area the Bermuda Triangle (百幕大三角區(qū)).
The points of the triangle are Bermuda, Puerto Rico and a spot in the Gulf of Mexico, west of Florida. It is a two – faced water world of tiny islands, bright beaches and beautiful waters. Yet thick fogs, powerful currents (激流) and sudden storms are hidden behind this smiling surface.
59. Why did Flight 19 disappear?
A. Because the wind became strong and visibility dropped.
B. Because Tailor was given wrong orders to dive.
C. Because Tailor couldn’t read his compasses correctly.
D. Because something unknown made the compassed unable to work as usual.
60. In what position did Flight 19 disappear?
A. In the southeast part of the Atlantic Ocean.
B. In the northeast part of the Atlantic Ocean.
C. To the southwest of Bermuda in the Atlantic Ocean.
D. To the northeast of Bermuda in the Atlantic Ocean.
61. How many planes disappeared altogether that day?
A. Five. B. Six. C. Two. D. Only one.
62. The word “comb” in the passage means _____.
A. cover with B. fly over
C. do up one’s hair with a comb D. search all over
63. Which of the following shows the correct position of the Bermuda Triangle?
(F=Florida, Bm=Bermuda, PR=Puerto Rico, Bh=Barhamas, MG=the Gulf of Mexico, Atl =the Atlantic Ocean, B=Base)
It could happen to you
Many people think there is no need to take special care over home safety.
I’m all right, I’m insured (投保).
Maybe – if you’re fully insured. Even then you can never recover the value you place upon your possessions. But you can’t insure against the suffering of mind that we all feel if our homes are torn apart by some stranger, our windows and doors broken, our possessions ruined.
“It won’t happen to me.”
Won’t it? A house is broken into every three minutes of the day. Loss of all kinds, including cars and things stolen from cars, happens every 3 seconds.
“I’ve nothing worth stealing.”
You may think not. But in fact everyone has something worth a thief’s attention. And we all have things of personal value, even if they’re worth little or nothing in hard cash.
“I’m only a tenant (房客) here.”
Most thieves are on the lookout for easy pickings. They are soon discouraged by houses they can’t get into quickly and easily. So do pay special attention.
“This booklet will help you ……”
it’s based on the practical experience of police forces throughout the country. Most of the suggestions will cost you only a few minutes extra time and thought. A few may cost some expense, but this is small compared with the loss and sadness you might otherwise suffer.
If you are in any doubt, ask for free advice from the Crime (罪犯) Prevention Office at your local police station.
64. The text mainly tells us about _____.
A. how to escape being caught
B. how to take special care of ourselves
C. how to hire a safe house in the country
D. how to protect your home
65. We can learn from the text that_____.
A. it’s impossible to prevent a house from being broken into
B. we all have something that a thief thinks worth stealing
C. most thieves are good at stealing thing from cars
D. you can’t afford to get advice from your local police station
66. If a house if difficult to get into, _____.
A. the thief may give up trying
B. the thief will steal car or things from cars
C. the owner may think extra safety fittings are necessary
D. the owner may think there is no need to take special care
D
Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do especially in a tight job market. Bob Crossley, a human resources expert notices this in the job applications that comes across his desk every day. “It’s amazing how many candidates eliminate (淘汰) themselves,” he says.
“Resumes (求職書) arrive with stains. Some candidates don’t bother to spell the company’s name correctly. Once I see a mistake, I eliminate the candidate,” Crossley concludes, “If they cannot take care of these details, why should we trust them with a job?”
Can we pay too much attention to details? Absolutely. Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward. “To keep from losing the forest for the trees,” says Charles Garfield, associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco. “We must constantly ask ourselves how the details we’re working on fit into the larger picture. If they don’t, we should drop them and move to something else.”
Garfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA. “The Apollo II moon launch was slightly off – course 90 percent of the time, says Garfield, “But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the exact position of our goal. This allowed us to make adjustments (調(diào)節(jié)) as necessary. “Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake.”
Too often we believe what accounts for others’ success is some special secret or a lucky break, But rarely is success so mysterious. Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow.
67. According to the passage, some job applicants were rejected _____.
A. because of their carelessness as shown in their failure to present a clean copy of a resume
B. because of their limited education as shown in their poor spelling in writing a resume
C. because they failed to give a detailed description of their background in their application
D. because they eliminated their names from the applicants’ list themselves
68. The word “perfectionists” refuse to those who _____.
A. demand others to get everything absolutely right
B. know how to adjust their goals according to the circumstances
C. pay too much attention to details only to lose their major objectives
D. are capable of achieving perfect results in whatever they do
69. The example of Apllo II moon launch is given to illustrate that _____.
A. minor mistakes may not be noticed in achieving major objectives
B. failure is the mother of success
C. adjustments are the key to the successful completion of any work
D. keeping one’s goal in mind helps in deciding which details can be overlooked
70. The best title for this passage would be _____.
A. Don’t Be a Perfectionist B. Importance of Adjustments
C. Details and Major Objectives D. Hard Work Plus Good Luck
E
Though salivation (分泌唾液) is natural, Pavlov noticed that a dog would salivate not just when it was eating, but also when it saw the man who usually fed it. In Pavlov’s early experiments he simply showed the dog some bread, enough to make the dog salivate. We cannot call this a natural reflex because a dog does not normally salivate at the sight of man. It is what psychologists call a ‘ conditioned response’(條件反射反應(yīng)). The dog has been taught, or ‘ conditioned’, to salivate when he sees the man.
Having decided to study this, Pavlov developed scientific methods for doing so. In order to make sure the experimenter did not disturb the dog and experimenter were put in separate rooms. Pavlov even put the dog in a kind of frame to make it stand still. He invented a system of tubes for giving the dog food, and watched what happened from outside the room. He found that he could condition the dog to salivate at almost any event – when a bell rang or a light flashed, for example – as long as this event was followed by food.
The American psychologist Skineer developed this idea of conditioning. He could condition animals to do quite complicated things by using a technique he called ‘shaping’. He could teach pigeons, for example, to play table tennis. At first he gave them a reward for knocking the ball a short distance in the right direction. Slowly he increased the distance they must knock the ball before getting the reward, and eventually they received it only when they knocked the ball past their opponent (對(duì)手).
71. Which of the following is not the experimenters’ aim?
A. To make sure the experimenter did not disturb the dog.
B. To invent a system of tubes.
C. To condition the dog to salivate at almost any event.
D. To teach pigeons to knock the ball in the right direction.
72. In order to make the dog salivate, Pavolv did not ____.
A. ring the bell B. give the dog food
C. beat the dog D. put the dog in a frame
73. During experiments, Skinner ______.
A. gave pigeons a reward for knocking the ball into the hole
B. gave pigeons a reward for knocking the ball in opposite direction
C. decreased the distance because pigeons must knock the ball
D. gave pigeons a reward for knocking the ball past their ‘opponent’
74. An example of a ‘conditioned response’ is that _____.
A. a dog s mouth waters when it is eating
B. a dog is conditioned to salivate when he sees the man
C. a dog is trained by an experimenter
D. a dog is taught how to drink water
75. The underlined word “psychologist” means _____.
A. 心理學(xué)家 B.生理學(xué)家 C.物理學(xué)家 D.動(dòng)物學(xué)家
第四部分：寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）
第一節(jié) 短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）
The former White House cook stopped working last April. He cooked
in traditional French way. His food tasted well, but contained a 76. ________
lot of fat. Doctors say this is not healthier. Welter Scheib. 77. ________
the new chief cook, will have a medical doctor as adviser. 78. ________
Dr Dean Ornish is a heart specialist and writer. He says foods 79. ________
can be low in fat and still delicious. The President’s wife 80. ________
Hillary Clinton chose Mr Scheib after tasted his cooking. She 81. ________
wanted fewer fat in the food she ate in the White house. 82. ________
She wanted to eat more fresh vegetables, and including vegetable 83. ________
pies without the use of chemical. The First Lady would also 84. ________
like the White House to serve more America food. 85. ________
第二節(jié) 書面表達(dá)（滿分25分）
最近，你校同學(xué)正在參加某報(bào)社組織的一場(chǎng)討論。討論的主題是：中國(guó)是否應(yīng)大力發(fā)展家用小汽車？請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下表所提供的信息，客觀地介紹這兩種不同的意見。
60%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為： 40%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為：
1．應(yīng)大力發(fā)展 2．促進(jìn)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展 3．增加就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì) 4．提高生活質(zhì)量；方便、省時(shí) 1．應(yīng)有限度地發(fā)展 2．增加城市交通擁擠，交通事故 3．修路占用土地 4．空氣和噪音污染
注意：1．信的開頭已為你寫好。2．詞數(shù)：100左右 3．參考詞匯：國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)-the national economy
About the discussion we’ve had about whether China should devote major efforts to developing car industry, opinions are divided on the question.
60% of the students
參考答案
1-5 BBCBC 6-10 CBCAB 11-15 CCBCB 16-20 CBBCB 21-25 CDDAB
26-30 CDABC 31-35 BBCCA 36-40 BACDC 41-45 BBAAC 46-50 BCADB
51-55 BCDDD 56-60 CAADC 61-65 BDADB 66-70 AACDC 71-75 BCDBA
76. well 改為good 77. healthier 改為healthy 78. adviser 前加an 79.√ 80. and 改為but 81. tasted 改為tasting 82. fewer 改為less 83. and 去掉 84. chemical 改為chemicals 85. America 改為American
第四部分第二節(jié)
About the discussion we’ve had about whether China should devote major efforts to developing car industry, opinions are divided on the question.
60% of the students think China should fully develop car industry. They believe this will speed up the development of the national economy. More workers will be employed. With cars the people’s life quality will be raised. They will save time and be more convenient in their life and work.
On the other hand, 40% of them think China should control its car industry development. Otherwise, the city traffic will be even heavier and more fraffic accidents will take place. At the same time, more land will be used for the new roads. What is more, air and noise pollution will become more serious.
聽力材料
1. W: Is it true you only spent $ 32 on two dinners?
M: No, I only spent half of that.
2. M: Sally broke her arm last week.
W: How did she do that? She’d always been careful.
3. M: I was hoping that you’d wear your new dress. It’s much prettier.
W: But this one is more comfortable for hot weather.
4. M: Excuse me, are you Ann Robinson?
W: No, I’m not. I’m her sister.
5. M: If I go to the store, will you make dinner for us tonight?
W: Bring back enough food.
6. M: Hello, Jane.
W: Hi, Harry. Did you have a good summer holiday?
M: Sure. I went for my holiday on my uncle’s farm
W: Really? What interesting things did you do there?
M: I helped get in some rice, take care of the fruit garden and drove the tractor.
W: Drove a tractor?
M: Yes. It was easy to learn. Did you go away for your holiday, Jane?
W: Oh, no. I just stayed at home. My mother has been in hospital. I had to look after her and help do some cooking and washing at home.
M: I’m sorry. Oh, it’s late. I must be off now. Bye-bye.
7. M: Guess where I went this morning? I went to the Summer Palace at 5:30.
W: You got up so early. Did you have a good time?
M: Yes. It was the first time for me to go to the Summer Palace early in the morning. And I saw many people, especially older people doing morning exercises remained very still.
W: I know what you mean. They were doing “breathing exercises”.
M: I saw two old men sitting under a tree with their eyes closed. They must have been doing the same. There were also many people in the park practicing Taijiquan.
W: Same as Taijiquan, they are national sports. A lot of people practice them every day in the early morning in a park, on a playground, by a river or along the roadside.
8. W: Palace Theatre. Can I help you?
M: Do you have seats for Saturday evening’s Romeo and Juliet?
W: Yes, we’ve got tickets at $ 3.50, $ 5or $ 7.50.
M: I’d like to reserve four tickets at $ 5, please. Can I collect them on Saturday?
W: Yes, but you must pick them up at least half an hour before the performance. Can I have your name?
M: Smith. Mr. Peter Smith.
W: Right. That’s four seats at $ 5 for Saturday, the 8th .
M: What time does it start?
W: 7:45.
M: Thank you. Goodbye.
9. W: Hello! I’m home! Tom?
M: Hi, Mum! I’m in here.
W: Oh, my God! What going on here?
M: I’ll clear it up later. I’ve nearly finished. What do you think?
W: It’s lovely. I like the roof. What a beautiful red! She’ll love it.
M: I haven’t painted the front door yet. What colour do you think it should be?
W: I think green would be nice…or yellow…or perhaps blue…Oh, I don’t know. Would you like me to make some curtains for it?
M: Oh, that would be great, Mum. Oh…by the way…I’m afraid I’ve got a bit of paint on the carpet over there. I’m terribly sorry.
W: Oh, you haven’t, Tom!
M: It’s alright. I think it will come out. If not, I’ll just paint the rest of the carpet the same colour.
10. I was driving along the road to fetch my daughter from school. We were going to go swinning together. I’d finished work at about 4 o’clock and then gone to the post office. Then I’d stopped off at a shop for some fruit and bread. We liked to have some fruit and bread to eat after our swim.
I was driving fast when suddenly I saw the cars in front of me start to move from side to side.
I slowed down. Then my car started to shake! Perhaps something had gone wrong with my car, I thought. I stopped and got out of the car. And at the same moment a big tree by the side of the road fell down onto the car in front of me. I understood it was an earthquake!