Grammar: The Past Participle Used as Adverbial
Teaching Aims:
1. Enable the students to master the usage of the Past Participle when it is used as Adverbial.
2. Enable the students to master the transformation between the past participle phrase and the adverbial clause.
Teaching Important Points:
1. How to use the Past Participle
2. How to tell the difference between the Present Participle and the Past Participle.
Teaching Difficult Point:
How to choose the Present Participle and the Past Parthciple.
Teaching Methods:
1. Comparision method to get the students to know how to use the participle clearly.
2. Discussion method to get the students to master what they've learned.
3. Pair work or group work to make the students active in class.
Teaching Aids:
1. a computer
2. a projector
Teaching Procedures:
Step II Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step II Revision and Presentation
T: In the third period of Unit 4, we learned the Past Participle used as Attributeand Adverbial. Now look at these sentences. Can you tell me which past participle is used as Attribute and which is used as Adverbial?
(Show the following on the screen.)
1. Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.
2. Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
3. The professor came into the classroom, followed by his students.
4. The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language
came out in the 16th century.
Ss: Yes, we can.
T: Who can tell us in the first sentence what the Past Participle is sued as?
S1:I know. It is used as Attribute, modifying the noun “artists”.
T: Yes. OK. Li Lu, you try, please.
S2: I think it is used as Adverbial in the second sentence.
T：Good.
S3: It is used as Adverbial in the third sentence, too.
T: (To the rest of the class.) Is that right?
Ss: Yes.
T: Good. No problem. Now, the last sentence. Who knows?
S4: Let me have a try. I believe it is used as Attribute. It modifies “ the first
textbooks”.
T: (Ask another student.) Do you agree with him/her?
S5: No, I don't think so. I think it is used as Adverbial.
T: Yeah, now, we have two different opinions. which one is correct? Whose opinion do you agree with?
Ss: The first answer is correet. It is used as Attribute, not Adverbial.
T: Why?
Ss: Because it modifies the word, “textbooks”.
T: Good. It is used as Attribute. I agree with the first student.
Step III Explanation
T: We know that the Past Participle can be used as Adverbial. Now look at these sentences on the blackboard.
(Teacher writes the following on the blackboard.)
1. Don't speak until spoken to.
2. Given more time, we could do the work much better.
3. Destroyed by the earthquake, the house had to be rebuilt.
T: What are these past participle used us?
Ss: They are all used as Adverbial.
T: Yes, You're right. And we know that the Past Participle used as Adverbial can express different adverbials, such as: time, cause, condition, manner and so on. Do you know what the Past Participle in each sentence expresses? Who knows?
Sa: The Past Participle in the first sentence expresses time. The second one expresses condition. And the last one expresses cause.
T: Very good. Now, I'll give you a few minutes to discuss with your partner
about how to replace these past participles by using adverbial clauses.
T: (A few minutes later.) Who'd like to try the first sentence?
Sb: I'd like to. “Don't speak until you're spoken to. ”
T：Good. Please sit down. What about the second sentence? Who knows?
Sc: I know. If we were given more time, we could do the work much better.
T: OK. Sit down, please. Now, the last sentence. Who wants to have a try?
S: Beeause the house had been destroyed by the earthquake, it had to be rebuilt.
T: Good.
(Teacher writes the sentences above on the blackboard.)
Step VI Comparison
T: As we all know, the Past Participle and the Present Partieiple can be used as Adverbial, for example: (Teacher writes the following examples on the
blackboard. )
1. Seen from the hill, our school looks more beautiful.
2. Seeing from the hill, we can see our beautiful school.
T: Look at these two sentences carefully. Can you tell us the difference between them?
S: The first sentence uses the Past Participle as Adverbial while the second sentence uses the Present Participle as Adverbial.
T: Good. Do you know why?
S: Because the subject in the first sentence is “our school”, but in the second sentence the subject is “we”.
T: Very good. When we are using participles, we should pay attention to the subjects in the sentences, and the participle we use must have the same logical subject as the subject in the sentence. If the subject in the sentence receives the action, we should use the Past Participle as Adverbial; if the subject in the sentence does the action, we should use the Present Participle as Adverbial. Do you nderstand?
Ss: Yes.
Step V Practice
T: Look at the sentences on the screen. Join each of the following pairs of
sentences turning one of them into a participle phrase and making other
necessary changes. Do it in pairs or groups. Example: We were disturbed by the noise and had to finish the meeting early.
→Disturbed by the noise, we had to finish the meeting early.
Rewrite the sentences, using the Past Participle.
1. They were surprised at the idea and began to discuss it among themselves.
2. Mary was much interested and she agreed to give it a try.
3. I was deeply moved, and thanked them again and again.
4 The two men were delighted and they thought up many other ideas, too.
5. We had been taught by failure and mistakes and have become wiser.
6. I was shocked at the waste of money and decided to leave the company.
7. He was persuaded by his friends to give up smoking and threw his remaining cigarettes away.
Suggested answers:
1. Surprised at the idea, they began to discuss it among themselves.
2. Much interested, Mary agreed to give it a try.
3. Deeply moved, I thanked them again and again.
4. Delighted, the two men thought up many other ideas, too.
5. Taught by failure and mistakes, we have become wiser.
6. Shocked at the waste of money, I decided to leave the company.
7. Persuaded by his friends to give up smoking, he threw his remaining
cigarettes away.
T: OK. Now look at the screen. Let's do more exercises. You may discuss with
your partner.
(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)
Choose the best answers:
1. ______some officials, Napolean inspected his army.
A. Followed
B. Followed by
C. Being followed
D. Having been followed
2.__________ by his teacher, he has made great progress in his lesson.
A. Helped B. To help
C. Helping D. Help
3. The computer center, ________ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open B. opening
C. having opened D. opened
4. The visitor expressed his satisfaction,___________ that he had enjoyed
his stay here.
A. having added B. to add
C. adding D. added
5.___________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. Having lost
C. Lost D. To lose
6.__________ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch
with Bill.
A. Not knowing
B. Knowing not
C. Not having known
D. Having not known
7. If_________ the same treatment again, he is sure to get well.
A. giving B. give
C. given D. being given
8. in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Being founded
B. It was founded
C. Founded
D. Founding Suggested answers
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. C
(Teacher then asks some students to do them one by one.)
Step VI Test
T: Now let's have a test. Complete the following sentences. Write your answers on a piece of paper. Later, we'll check it together.
(Teacher uses the micromedia equipment to show the following on the screen.)
Complete the sentences:
1._______ （只要看一次），it can never be forgotten.
2._______ (被認(rèn)為是這個(gè)城市里面最好的)，the factory was given a medal.
3._______ The visitor came in ,________（后面跟著一群年輕人）。
4._______ （在黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下），the people have improved their living conditions greatly.
5._______（在她的話的鼓勵(lì)下），the boy later went up to his teacher and said “sorry”.
6. If_______（加熱）to a high temperature, water will change into vapour.
7._______ （從太空中望去），the earth is a water covered globe.
8. The object on the table is a fan ______ （由羽毛制成的）。
Suggested answers:
1. Once seen
2. Regarded as the best in the city
3. followed by a group of young fellows
4. Led by the Party
5. Encouraged by her words
6. heated
7. Seen from space
8. made of feathers
(A few minutes later, teacher asks some students to say their answers. If some students make any mistake, the teacher should give the correct answer and give some explanation, too)
Step VII Summary and Homework
T: In this class, we've discussed the use of the Past Participle. That is, how to use it and its transformation with the adverbial clauses. After class, we should do more practice about this to master them. OK. Time is up. So much for this clas. See you tomorrow.
Step VIII The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 4 A garden of poems
The Fifth Period
Grammar: The Past Participle
I. 1. Don't speak until spoken to.
Don't speak until you are spoken to.
2. Given more time, we could do the work much better.
If we were given more time, we could do the work much better.
3. Destroyed by the earthquake the house had to be rebuilt.
Because the house had been destroyed by the earthquake, the house
had to be rebuilt.
II. 1. Seen from the hill, our school looks more beautiful.
2. Seeing from the hill, we can see our beautiful school.
Step IX Record after Teaching
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