一、單元考點(diǎn)提示
1.詞匯
line appearence
set storm
film director
siage bury
uncertain lifetime
search wooden
mouthful excite
manager honour
particular silent
act shape
ring collection
bank material
cheaply pack
hide shame
penny coin
trade silver
possible mine
whenever whatever
afford
2.句型
set off 動身,啟程
in a hurry 匆忙地,很快地
have on 穿著,戴著
pick out 挑出
in(one’s)search 尋求;尋找
bring up 教育;培養(yǎng)
so far 至目前為止
hand out 分發(fā)
here and there 到處
look through 仔細(xì)查看
sooner or later 遲早
pick up 收集;買到
plenty of 大量的
date from 始于……
mix…with… 把……和……攪拌(混合)
trade with sb. 與某人做買賣
3.語法
be of this kind
One of the most delicious meals that he has ever enjoyed.
What a pity/ What a shame…
It’s a pity that…
It’s great fun…
be of +(大小、形狀、重量、新舊、顏色等)名詞
4.交際英語
What do you do?(表示詢問職業(yè))
Could you…?(表示請求)
電話用語:遺憾的表達(dá)方式。
二、考點(diǎn)精析與拓展
1. search;search for; look for
(1)search指“搜查某地或搜身”,其賓語可以是房屋、人身、衣袋等名詞。如:
They searched their homes without any reason.他們毫無理由地搜查了他們的家。
They searched him but found nothing.他們搜了他的身,但沒有找到什么。
(2)search for 則指“搜尋、搜索某人或物”。如:
They searched for him everywhere.他們到處搜尋他。
The police searched the wood for the lost child.警察在樹林里尋找走失的孩子。
試比較:They searched his clothes.他們搜查了他的衣服。(看是否藏有東西)
They searched for his clothes.他們在搜尋他的衣服。(要找到衣服)
另外,search也可用做名詞,in search of “尋找、尋求”是個常見短語。如:
The boys went in search of something to eat.孩子們?nèi)フ覗|西吃。
(3)look for意為“尋找”,同search for意義大體相同。但search for 意味較強(qiáng),用很大注意力搜尋。而look for則較為通俗,常用于日常用語。如:
I looked for my missing pen everywhere.我到處找我丟失的那支筆。
2. be certain…; be sure
be uncertain about意思是“對……不確定(沒把握)”
uncertain的詞根是certain,意思是“確信的,有把握的”,常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu):
(1)be certain(sure) to do sth.“肯定會做……”(表示某事將要發(fā)生)。如:
He is certain(sure) to come next Sunday.
(2)be certain(sure) of/ about sth.“確信、有把握”(表示某個人的思想狀態(tài))。如:
We are certain/ sure of victory.
(3)名詞從句作主語時,一般多用certain.
It is certain that he will come.
3. “喜歡”的表示方法
英語中,表示“喜歡”的動詞或詞組有若干個,它們的語氣強(qiáng)弱不同,有重有輕,意思也不完全一樣,下面分別舉例說明:
(1)love 意為“熱愛”,指引起深厚的、強(qiáng)烈的感情的愛,并有一種依附意,語氣最重。如:
His mother,whom he loved deeply,died when he was only a small boy.他深深愛戴著他的母親,當(dāng)他小的時候,她與世長辭了。
I love doing comedies .我喜歡演喜劇。
(2)be fond of 表示“喜歡” “熱愛”,也表示對某人或某事有感情,語氣次于“l(fā)ove”。如:
Ants are fond of sweet food.螞蟻喜歡吃甜食。
I’m fond of this child.我喜歡這個小孩。
(3)care for意為“喜歡、對……有興趣”。如:
The girl cares much for new clothes.這個女孩很喜歡新衣服。
They do not care very greatly for art.他們對藝術(shù)不是很感興趣。
(4)like意為“喜歡”,指不反感,但不引起強(qiáng)烈的感情和迫切的愿意,反義詞為dislike.如:
Do you like reading?你喜歡閱讀嗎?
I like to read in bed.我喜歡在床上看書。
(5)enjoy意為“欣賞”“喜歡”,具有滿足感,如:
I enjoy foreign music.我喜歡外國音樂。
Most students enjoy asking questions in English.大部分學(xué)生喜歡用英語問問題。
(6)go in for“喜歡(做某類事)、有某種習(xí)慣或做法”。如:
What sports do you go in for?你喜歡哪些體育運(yùn)動?
We don’t go in for that sort of thing.我們不喜歡那種事情。
4. 用不定式或動名詞意義不同
(1) 有些動詞+動詞不定式或動名詞,意思上沒有區(qū)別。如:begin,start,like,love,prefer,hate,continue等。
Do you like playing(to play) chess?你喜歡下棋嗎?
I prefer making(to make) an outline before I make a speech.我喜歡講話之前先擬一個提綱。
但有時這些動詞后用動名詞表示一般傾向,用不定式表示特定的一次動作。如:
I like reading novels, but don’t like to read this novel.我喜歡看小說,但不喜歡看這一本小說。
(2)有些動詞后 + 動詞不定式或動名詞意義不同。
①remember to do something記住做某事(動作未發(fā)生)
remember doing something記得做過某事(動作已發(fā)生),如:
I must remember to close the window when I have the room.我必須記住在我離開房間時把窗戶關(guān)上。
I remember closing the window when I left the room.我記得離開房間時我已關(guān)上了窗戶。
②forget to do something忘記做某事
forget doing something已做過某事但忘記了,如:
Don’t forget to turn off the light.不要忘了關(guān)燈。
He forgot posting the letter for me, though he really did.盡管他替我寄了信,但忘記了。
③regret to do something對要做的事感到遺憾
regret doing something對做過的事后悔,如:
I regret to tell you that you failed in the exam.我遺憾地告訴你考試沒有及格。
He regrets saying that to her.他很后悔對她講那件事。
④try to do sth.盡力/設(shè)法做某事
try doing sth.試著做某事,如:
We must try to finish it on time.我們必須盡力準(zhǔn)時完成它。
Why not try doing it in a new way?為什么不試著用新的辦法來做它呢?
⑤mean to do something打算做某事
mean doing something意味著,如:
What do you mean to do with it?你打算怎樣對付它呢?
My words don’t mean hurting you.我的話并不意味著傷害你。
⑥stop to do something停下原來做的事,開始做另一件事
stop doing something停止正在做的事,如:
He stopped to talk with the teacher.他停下來和老師談話。
He stopped talking with the teacher.他停止了和老師的談話。
⑦go on to do something做完某事改做其他事(或在做某事過程中停了一段時間后繼續(xù)做該事)
go on doing something繼續(xù)做一直做的事(中間未停頓),如:
He went on to show us how to do it in a different way.他接著又教我們用另一種方法做這件事。
He went on talking as if nothing had happened.他若無其事地繼續(xù)講下去。
⑧can’t help(to)do something不能幫助做某事。
Can’t help doing something禁不住要做某事,如:
I couldn’t help(to)finish your homework.我不能幫你完成作業(yè)。
When the mother saw her lost son, she couldn’t help crying.當(dāng)母親看到她失而復(fù)得的兒子時,情不自禁地哭起來。
⑨另,consider sb.to be/to have done把……看做;認(rèn)為,consider后為不定式的,復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)時,to be可省略。
consider doing something考慮做某事,如:
We consider Lincoln(to be) a great man.我們都認(rèn)為林肯是個偉人。
I consider him to have passed the exam. 我認(rèn)為他已通過考試。
⑩另,be afraid to do something不敢做某事
be afraid of doing something害怕做某事,如:
They are afraid to tell me the truth.他們不敢告訴我真相。
The students are afraid of breaking glass.學(xué)生們害怕打碎杯子。
5. as;which引導(dǎo)定語從句異同
as, which 都能引導(dǎo)限制性或非限制性的定語從句。
(1)在引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時;
①which從句修飾的先行詞是名詞(詞組),which可與that換用,作賓語時可省去。如:
Then grow some tomatoes in one box which has plant food in the soil and some in another box which doesn’t.
But the studios(which)he started are still busy today,producing
more and more interesting films.
②as從句的先行詞是the same/such或被the same/such修飾;as可作主、賓、表語,一律不可省略。如:
Many of the sports were the same as they are now.(as作表語)
He uses the same map as I (use).他和我用的是同一份地圖。(as作賓語)
Such as beautiful park as is being built was designed by two young engineers.正在建造的如此漂亮的公園是由兩個年輕的工程師設(shè)計(jì)的。(as作主語)
The printed newspaper was not such as the chief editor had expected. 印好的報(bào)紙并非如主編原來所期望的那樣。(as作賓語)
(2)在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時,as,which都可作主、賓、表語,都不可省去。
①which從句補(bǔ)充說明先行詞的用途、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、特征等。如:
At present,the biggest nature park for milu deer in China is in the Nanhaizi Milu Park,which is about 20 kilometres south of Beijing.(位置)
China Daily has plenty of advertisements, which help to cut
the costs of making the newspaper.(用途)
One of Charile Chaplin’s most famous films was“The Gold Rush”,which was made in 1925.(時間)
Now, however,the maters of this great lake,which is also the
World’s deepest(over 1,740 metres),have been dirtied by waste
from a chemical factory.(特征)
②which從句還可表示說話人的看法,也可對主句作意義上的補(bǔ)充;which=and it/ this/ that/ they;which代表的是先行詞、主句或主句的一部分;which從句只能放在先行詞或主句后。如:
He said she could speak 4 foreign languages, which(=and it)is not true.他說她會四門外語,這是不可能的。(說話人看法,which代表賓語從句部分)
比較:He said she could speak 4 foreign languages, which(=and that)surprised every one of us.他說她會四門外語,這使我們每個人都很驚訝。(補(bǔ)充主句,which 代表主句)
③as也可代表先行詞、主句或主句一部分。但as有“正如”的意義,其從句可放在主句前或后,如:
The Nanjing Changjiang River Bridge,as we all know, was compl-
eted in 1969.我們都知道南京長江大橋,它建成于一九六九年。(as代表先行詞)
To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish.(如)你們許多人(所做的那樣)對事實(shí)視而不見是愚蠢的。(as代表主語部分)
6. would like; should like
(1)兩個短語均指“想要……”,與want同義,但would(should)like的語氣較want婉轉(zhuǎn)或客氣。
(2)would like 可用于各種人稱;而should like則主要用于第一人稱。例如:
He would(不用should)like to be a doctor.他希望當(dāng)大夫。
We would(不用should)like to hear your views about it.我們想聽聽你對這個問題的看法。
(3)在疑問句中常用would like,而不用should like。例如:
What would you like for breakfast?你早飯想吃什么?
(4)這兩個短語常常簡略為’d like,后面可接名詞、代詞或動詞不定式,不接動名詞。例如:
Would you like to leave a message?你要不要留話?
誤:Would you like leaving a message?
(5)在省略回答中,would like to 中的to 不可省略,只省略to后面的詞語(但be 除外)。例如:
①-Would you like to join us tonigh?
-Oh, I’d like to (join you),but I have a friend to see off at the station.
② -Would you like to be a singer?
-Yes,I’d like to be (a singer).
7. shape;form; figure
這組名詞都有“形狀”的意思。
shape 著重指人或物等的比較具體的整個外形,不太正式;form指有實(shí)體結(jié)構(gòu)和看得見的某種特殊形狀或是抽象的形式;figure指物時,側(cè)重指輪廊,指人時,著重指姿態(tài)。如:
Coins may be of different sizes,weights, shapes, and of diff-
erent metals. 硬幣可能大小、輕重、形狀不同,鑄造的金屬也可能不一樣。
The shape of Italy is like a leg.意大利國的形狀像一條腿。
Change these sentences into the Present Perfect Passive,putting the verbs into the correct forms.用動詞的正確形式將下面的句子變成現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài) 。
Ice,snow and steam are forms of water.冰、雪、蒸氣是水的幾種形態(tài)。
You can see the tall stone figures and visit the temples of the gods.你可以看到那些高大的石雕像,參觀那些神殿。
這組名詞也可當(dāng)動詞用,shape意為“使什么東西具有某種具體的外
形”,常有“塑造”等具體意義;form指通過協(xié)商、組織等形成某種習(xí)慣、計(jì)劃或組織等,一般相當(dāng)于“形成”;figure通常指象征某事物。
8.be of…結(jié)構(gòu)小結(jié)
(1)be of + 表示年齡(age)、大。╯ize)、顏色(color)、重量(weight)、高度(height)、價(jià)格(price)、意見(opinion)、形狀(shape)、種類(kind)和方法(way)等名詞,說明主語的特征,of表示“具有”之意,有時可省去。例如:
They are both of middle height.他倆都是中等個兒。
When I was of your age, I was a teacher.當(dāng)我是你這個年齡時,我當(dāng)老師了。
These flowers are of different colors.這些花朵顏色不同。
Tom is of a different way of thinking.湯姆的思維方式與別人不同。
注意:此結(jié)構(gòu)中,如果of后面的名詞前有不定冠詞a/an,則a/an=the same.例如:
The two boys are of an/the same age.這兩個男孩同齡。
These bottles are of a/the same size.這些瓶子大小一樣。
(2)be of + 物質(zhì)名詞,表示主語是由某材料制成或某成分構(gòu)成,相當(dāng)于be made of, be built of或be made up of等。例如:
The necklace is(made)of glass.這項(xiàng)鏈?zhǔn)遣Aе频摹?/p>
The bridge is (built)of stone.這橋是由石頭構(gòu)筑的。
Our class is (made up)of over 50 students. 我班有50多個學(xué)生。
(3)be of + 抽象名詞(如value, importance,use, help等),of表示“具有、具備”等意思,of不能省,這一結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于be+該抽象名詞相應(yīng)的形容詞。例如:
They are of great help/ very helpful to learners of English.他們對英語學(xué)習(xí)者來說是很有幫助的。
In fact, sports and games can be of great value/very valuable.事實(shí)上體育運(yùn)動是很有價(jià)值的。
The book is of no use/useless to us.這書對我們無用。
It is of great importance/very important to study English.學(xué)習(xí)英語很重要。
因此,根據(jù)上述(1),(2)點(diǎn)可以看出,課文句中第一個be of 結(jié)構(gòu)表示“具有”,第二個be of(承前省去be)表示“由……制成的”。全句漢語意思為:“硬幣的大小、重量、形狀可能各不相同,并由不同的金屬制成。”
9. whatever用法小結(jié)
whatever 是一種用法較特殊的代詞,兼有連接詞和關(guān)系詞的作用,主要有以下三種用法:
(1)引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句,意思是“凡是……的事物(=anything that)”.
Whatever I have is yours.我所有的東西就是你的。(主語從句)
Go to stamp sales and buy whatever you can afford.到郵票銷售處去把你能買得起的郵票都買下來。(賓語從句)
She would tell him whatever news she got.她會把所聽到的任何消息都告訴他。(賓語從句)
Talk to me about whatever is troubling you.把任何使你煩惱的事都對我談?wù)。(介詞賓語從句)
whatever在這類從句中可作主語、賓語、定語等。
(2)引導(dǎo)狀語從句,多表示讓步,意思是“不管什么、無論怎樣”。如:
Don’t change your plans, whatever happens.無論怎樣,你都別改變計(jì)劃。
Whatever I am, it’s useful to know foreign languages.無論我做什么工作,懂外語總是有用的。
So don’t lose heart, whatever you do。因此無論你做什么,都不要喪失信心。
Whatever the old man was like, most of his scientific work was sound.無論那位老人怎么樣,他大部分的科研工作是好的。
You have to go on,whatever difficulties you meet.無論你遇到什么困難,你都必須干下去。
Whatever在這類從句中可作主語、表語、賓語、介詞賓語、定語等。
這類句中的某些成分還可以省略。如:
The country is always beautiful whatever the season(is).無論哪個季節(jié),這個國家總是很美。
10.感嘆句表達(dá)方式
感嘆句表示說話時的驚訝、喜悅、贊賞和憤怒等情緒。大多數(shù)感嘆句是由what和how引導(dǎo),其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為“What(或How)+感嘆部分+主語+謂語!”。也有少量其他形式的感嘆句,現(xiàn)一并歸納如下:
(1)What 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句
What 用做定語,修飾名詞,其引導(dǎo)的感嘆句句型結(jié)構(gòu)為:
①What+a(an)+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語!如:
What an orphan he is!他是個多么可憐的孤兒!
②What+a (an)+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語!如:
What a beautiful voice she has!她的聲音多美!
③What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+主語+謂語!如:
What kind doctors they are!他們是多好的醫(yī)生!
④What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!如:
What good news it is!
(2)How 引起的感嘆句
How 用做狀語,修飾形容詞、副詞和動詞,其引導(dǎo)的感嘆句句型結(jié)構(gòu)為:
①How+形容詞+主語+謂語!
How clever you are!
②How+副詞+主語+謂語!
How well she dances!
③How +形容詞+a(an)+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語!如:
How good a student he is!
④How+主語+謂語!如:
How the teachers worked!教師們工作多么努力啊!
⑤How+many(few)+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)+主語+謂語!如:
How many books you have read!
⑥How much(little)+不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!如:
How little money the coat cost!
(3)“What+a(an)+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語!”句型可轉(zhuǎn)換為“How+形容詞+a(an)+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語!”句型。如;
What a clever boy he is!
How clever a boy he is!
(4)感嘆句常將主語和謂語動詞省略,以“What+名詞!”或“How+形容詞!”的形式構(gòu)成。如:
What a fine student!
What mountains!
How wonderful!
How brave!
(5)其他形式的感嘆句
有時候,可不用what和how來表示感嘆,而用陳述句、疑問句、祈使句,甚至一個詞或詞組來表示感嘆。如:
She is such a nice girl!她是一個多好的姑娘。。愂鼍洌
Who do you think you are!你算老幾!(疑問句)
“Stop the train! Stop the train!”(祈使句)
Wonderful!(一個詞)
Happy New Year!(詞組)
三、精典名題導(dǎo)解
題1 (NMET 1995)
When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______.
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
分析:C。因句意表達(dá)的是“鉛筆部分放于水中”所出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài),即“看上去像折掉了一樣”,所以空白處應(yīng)用虛擬語氣。
題2 (NMET 1997)
The two strangers talked as if they _______ friends for years.
A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been
分析:D。從talked一詞可知是過去情況的虛擬形式。
題3 The sun is the centre of the universe, __________ we all know.
A. for B. as C. that D. what
分析:B。as可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,經(jīng)常與know連用,as代替前面一句話,即,先行詞是一句話。
題4 He paid the boy washing ten windows, most of _________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
A. these B. those C. that D. which
分析:D。從句中的逗號可以判斷,橫線上缺少一個關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句,that不能作介詞賓語。
題5 (NMET 2000)
These wild flowers are so special that I would do__________I can to save them.
A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever
分析:A。句中I can后省略了do.即應(yīng)為I can do to save them, do后沒有賓語,所以應(yīng)用whatever,意為“任何事情、不論什么”。
題6 (上海 2002)
There’s a feeling in me_________We’ll never know what a UFO is-not ever.
A. that B. which C. of which D. what
分析:A。that的先行詞是a feeling in me ,是一個定語從句。
題7 It’s no use _______the small matters again.
A. discuss about B. to discuss
C. discussing D. having a discussion
分析:C。It’s not use doing sth…做某事沒有用。
題8 Very few can_______ the difference between the two words.
A. speak B. say C. tell D. talk
分析:C。四個選項(xiàng)在詞意上有區(qū)別。speak(講)和say(說)均為不及物動詞;tell(告訴)為及物動詞;talk(談話)為不及物動詞。tell和can或can’t 連用,表示“分辨”。