一、單元考點(diǎn)提示
1.單詞
A edge,effort,face,figure,mark,prefer
B advise,agree,develop,knock,research
2.短語
A at breakfast,date from,in danger,make a good effort
B be busy with,give a talk,go against,now and then,point out ,turn over,year after year
3.句型結(jié)構(gòu)
1.I’d like(sb.)to(do sth.).
2.Can’t we do sth.?
3.How/what about^?
4.表示“在……方面花費(fèi)（時(shí)間/金錢）”的句型：Sb:spends some time or money on sth.(in doing sth.)
5.it的句型是：It is/was + adj./n.+(for sb.)to do sth.
二、考點(diǎn)精析與拓展
I.單詞和詞組
1.The White family are on holiday.
family/team/government/class/school/union等是由若干人組成的集體名詞。當(dāng)被看作是一個(gè)非人稱單位，一個(gè)整體時(shí)，用作單數(shù)；當(dāng)我們把這個(gè)集合體看作一些人時(shí)，用作復(fù)數(shù)。
①The family is very large.這個(gè)家庭很大（人很多）。
Hearing the news,the whole family were very sad.聽到這個(gè)消息，全家人都很傷心。
②Their class has only 30 students.他們班只有30名學(xué)生。
Their class are all from the south.他們?nèi)喽际悄戏饺恕?/p>
2.at breakfast在吃早飯；用早餐。
at意為“在”，用于某些名詞前表示狀態(tài)、情況等。
①He is still at work.他還在工作。
②She was at supper when I called on her yesterday.昨天我去看她時(shí)，她正在吃晚飯。
3.flood(1)n.洪水；水災(zāi)。
The heavy rain caused floods in the south in the summer of 1998.1998年夏天大雨在南方引起了洪澇災(zāi)害。
(2)vt.vi淹沒；（使）泛濫。
The village was flooed after the heavy rain.大雨過后那個(gè)村子被淹沒了。
4.rise by 63 metres升高了63米。
by用來表示增、減的程度、尺寸、數(shù)量等。
①The number of machines they made this year has increased by 10 percent.今年他們制造的機(jī)器數(shù)量增長(zhǎng)了10%。
②They have topped their planting plan by 3500 mu.他們超額3500畝完成了種植計(jì)劃。
5.date from…date back to 可追溯到……；是……時(shí)代開始有的。
①M(fèi)y interest in stamp collecting dates from my childhood.從小我就對(duì)集郵感興趣。
②That kind of dress dates from the 9th century.那種服裝從19世紀(jì)就開始有了。
③The school dates back to 1949.這個(gè)學(xué)校的歷史可追溯到1949年。
6.in danger處在危險(xiǎn)之中。與out of danger（脫險(xiǎn)）相對(duì)。
①The patient is in danger (of death).這病人處于（生命）危險(xiǎn)中。
②The wounded soldier is out of danger now.傷員現(xiàn)在脫離危險(xiǎn)了。
注意：dangerous 是形容詞，意為“（對(duì)其他人或物）是危險(xiǎn)的、有危害的”。
Smoking is dangerous. People who smoke a lot are in danger (of suffering from lung cancer).吸煙是有危害的。常吸煙的人有（患肺癌的）危險(xiǎn)。
7.mark(1)n.記號(hào)；標(biāo)記。
Put a mark where you have a question.有問題的地方做個(gè)記號(hào)。
(2)vt.做記號(hào)、標(biāo)記于……。
①When you are reading,mark each new word with a red line.讀書的時(shí)候，用紅線標(biāo)一下生詞。
②He gave my father a paper,which was marked with my father’s name.他給父親一張?jiān)嚲恚厦鏄?biāo)著我父親的名字。
8.face vt .面對(duì)；朝著；正視。
①He lives in a room whose window faces the south.他住在一個(gè)窗戶朝南的房間里。
②You should face the difficulties bravely.你應(yīng)該勇敢地面對(duì)/正視困難。
9.be busy with…忙于……。
①Bob has been busy with his preparation for the exam recently.鮑勃最近一直忙于準(zhǔn)備考試。
②I am busy with my homework.我忙著做作業(yè)。
be busy 后面也常接doing sth,意為“忙著干某事”。
①Bob has been busy preparing for the exam recently.
②I’m busy doing my homework.
10.learn from…向……學(xué)習(xí)；學(xué)習(xí)……。
①Comrade Mao Zedong called on us to learn from comrade Li Feng.毛澤東同志號(hào)召我們向雷鋒同志學(xué)習(xí)。
②He is a model worker whom we should all learn from.他是個(gè)模范工人，我們都應(yīng)該向他學(xué)習(xí)。
11.knock…out of…從……中敲、打出……。
①The sudden blow knocked two teeth out of his mouth.這突然的一擊打掉了他兩顆牙。
②The diamond was knocked out of the ring when I dropped it.我把戒指掉了下去，鑲著的鉆石也碰了下來。
由knock所構(gòu)成的短語還有：knock at 敲……/knock down 撞倒；擊倒/knock against 撞擊/knock into 撞倒……身上/knock over推翻。
12.point out 指出。
①The teacher examined my homework and pointed out a few mistakes.老師檢查了我的作業(yè)并指出了幾個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
②He pointed out that that“that”that I used was in the wrong place.他指出我用的那個(gè)that位置不對(duì)。
13.turn over翻轉(zhuǎn)。
①Why didn’t you turn over the record?你怎么不把磁帶翻過來？
②Turn the cake over,or it will be burnt.把蛋糕翻過來，要不然就烤糊了。
動(dòng)詞turn用法小結(jié)：
(1)vi.轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)；轉(zhuǎn)身；拐彎。
①The wheel turned slowly.車輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)得很慢。
②turn right at the first crossing,and you’ll see the post office.在第一個(gè)十字路口向右拐，你就看到郵局了。
③They turned and ran away.他們轉(zhuǎn)身就跑掉了。
(2)vt.轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)；翻動(dòng)。
e.g.①He turned his car to the left.他把汽車向左開去。
②The boy likes to turn pages and look at the pictures.這孩子喜歡翻書看圖畫。
(3)link-v.變得。
①Winter is coming. The weather turns cold gradually.冬天來了，天氣漸漸變冷了。
②He turned pale when he heard the news.聽到這個(gè)消息，他臉都變白了。
(4)構(gòu)成短語：
①turn on/off開/關(guān)（電器、煤氣等）。
②turn(…)into…把（……）變成、譯成……。
③turn up/down開大/關(guān)小；調(diào)高/調(diào)低（音量、煤氣等）。
④turn out 關(guān)掉；熄滅；證明。
⑤turn to翻到，轉(zhuǎn)向。
14.go against 反對(duì)；違背；不利于。
①These actions went against the will of people.這些行動(dòng)違背了人們的意思。
②The game is going against them.比賽漸漸地對(duì)他們不利。
go bad 變壞
go hungry挨餓
go through進(jìn)過，穿過，做完
go up上漲，上升
與go搭配 go ahead開始（做某事），開始（講話），進(jìn)行，進(jìn)度，用吧
短語 go by 時(shí)間過去，經(jīng)過某地
go off 走開，消失，水電等斷掉
go out 出去（燈火）熄滅
go over復(fù)習(xí)
Point out 指出
Point at 指著
Point to 指向
15. point …at…把……指向
make a point證明論點(diǎn)正確
to the point正中要害，恰到好處
如：①It’s rude to point your fingers at people.
②Please point out the mistakes in my composition.
③As he left,the hour hand of the clock pointed to twelve.
④Your answer is short and to the point.
year after year年復(fù)一年地，一年又一年地，強(qiáng)調(diào)每年重復(fù)
16. year by year一年一年地，逐年，強(qiáng)調(diào)逐年變化
如：①Year after year,I have had a birthday card from Tom.
②My daughter grows taller year by year.
agree to do 同意做某事
to同意做某事
agree on商定，達(dá)成共識(shí)
17. with sb.(one’s views)/ what I said just now.
agree that clause
agreement 同意，協(xié)約
18.keep使保持、保留某種狀態(tài)；保持，保留；
keep the homeland in the mind胸懷祖國(guó)
keep a/the secret保守秘密
keep seeds 保存種子
keep cows and sheep飼養(yǎng)牛羊
keep a diary記日記
19.其他：
①be on holiday在度假。
②on the edge of…在……的邊上。
③burn sb./sth.燒傷；曬壞。
④all through a year.終年；整年。
⑤decide to do sth.決定、下決心做某事。
⑥make a good effort付出很大努力。
⑦get extra pay 得到額外的報(bào)酬。
⑧weather report天氣預(yù)報(bào)。
⑨hang up掛起來。
⑩make wine釀酒。
○11now and then不時(shí)地。
○12 give a talk作報(bào)告。
II.句型
1．feel like想要；愿意。多用于口語，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞形式。
would like想要；愿意。后接名詞或不定式形式。
①I feel like/would like a cup of coffee.我想喝杯咖啡。
②Would you like to drink beer with me?Do you feel like drinking beer with me?和我喝點(diǎn)啤酒好嗎？
③I feel like going for a walk after supper.I’d like to go for a walk after supper.晚飯后我想去散散步。
2.…each of which was 20 metres high.其中每個(gè)高達(dá)20米。
“名詞/代詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。
①They live in a house,the door of which faces the north.他們住的是一所門朝北的房子。
②China has hundreds of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan.中國(guó)有上千個(gè)島嶼，其中最大的是臺(tái)灣。
③There are around 100 teachers in our school,most of whom are women.我們學(xué)校大約有100名教師，其中大多數(shù)是女教師。
三、經(jīng)典名題導(dǎo)解
1.Little Jim should love________ to the theatre this evening.
A. to be taken B. to take
C. being taken D. taking
答案：A
精析：should love to 相當(dāng)于should like to 或should prefer to 在表示“想要時(shí)”，其后通常接動(dòng)詞不定式形式，根據(jù)句意“小湯姆想要?jiǎng)e人帶他去影劇院”，此處應(yīng)用不定式的被動(dòng)形式，故選A。答案B的語態(tài)不對(duì)，在should love的后面不跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式，故也不選C、D。
2.-Exceuse me,is this Mr .Brown’s office?
-I’m sorry,but Mr.Brown________works here.He left about three years ago.(90年高考題)
A. not now B. no more
C. not still D. no longer
答案：D
精析：根據(jù)題干的提示，Mr.Brown已不在此工作了，應(yīng)選D，no longer相當(dāng)于not…any longer,表示“不再”，它可以用在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前或連系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后，也可以放在句末，例如：He studied hand no longer after the examination.在考試之后，他再也不努力學(xué)習(xí)了。答案A、C不符合句意，不能選，答案B也表“不再”，相當(dāng)于“not…any more”,通常用在句末，或者放在名詞前作定語，還可單獨(dú)用作主語、賓語或表語，但不能放在句中，故不能選。
3.He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows,most of_______ hadn’t been cleaned at least a year.(90年高考題)
A.these B．those C．that D．which
答案：D
精析：根據(jù)句意可以判斷后面的分句是一個(gè)非限制性的定語從句，應(yīng)選D，most of which指“十扇窗戶中的大部分”，which指代windows,作介詞of的賓語。分句與分句之間，必須有一個(gè)并列的連詞，而選用these或those不符合這一原則，故不選答案A和B,在介詞后面不用引導(dǎo)詞that，指人時(shí)用whom,指物時(shí)用which.
4.Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially
_____Father was away in France.(94年高考題)
A．a(chǎn)s B．that C．during D．if
答案：A
精析：此句意為“母親很著急，因小艾麗斯病了，特別是她父親還在法國(guó)的時(shí)候”，用as表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，故選A。答案B不能表時(shí)間，答案C中的during是介詞，在它后面只接名詞，例如：during the class 在上課期間，during the day在白天,故不能選C,答案D表?xiàng)l件,不符合句意,故不選.
5.She thought I was talking about her daughter,_____, in fact,I was talking about my daughter.(95年高考題)
A.whom B.where C.which D.while
答案：D
精析：從關(guān)鍵詞“in fact”，我們可以看出，前后兩個(gè)句子形成一種對(duì)比，表示的意思是：她認(rèn)為我在講她女兒，而實(shí)際上我在講我女兒。連詞while可表對(duì)比，故選D。whom,where,which引導(dǎo)定語從句，而實(shí)際上后面的句子不是定語從句，故都不能選。
6.He let me repeat his instruction__________sure that I understood what was ________after he went away.
A.to make;to be done B.making;doing
C.to make;to do D.making;to do
答案：A
精析：題目的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)有兩上是不定式，另兩個(gè)為現(xiàn)在分詞。這里表達(dá)的是前面動(dòng)作的目的而不是伴隨情況，因此，很容易就可以排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。從后面看，句子的主語是要做的事情，動(dòng)詞不定式應(yīng)當(dāng)使用被動(dòng)形式。動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞是英語學(xué)習(xí)中的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，一定要系統(tǒng)地理解和掌握它們的用法。
7.I was disappointed with the play. I had expected________to be much more interesting.
A.that B.this C.one D.it
答案：D
精析：此題旨在考查學(xué)生是否掌握代詞one、it和that的用法。橫線上需用一個(gè)代詞指代the play,是確切指代，所以選D項(xiàng)。
8.Fewer people are coming to his café________,though he has wished for more money_________.
A.day after day;day after day B.day by day;day by day
C.day after day;day by day D.day by day ;day after day
答案：D
精析：此題旨在考查學(xué)生是否掌握了名詞疊用作狀語的用法。n. + by + n.表變化;n. + after + n.表重復(fù)。這句話意思是：“雖然他一天天地希望多賺錢，可客人一天比一天少�！彼赃xD項(xiàng)。