Multiple choices
1. When and where was St Petersburg built?
A. Near the Neva River 300 years ago.
B. On the Neva River before 1603.
C. Beside the Neva River 300 years ago.
D. In the Neva River before 1603.
2. When St Petersburg was built, Russia was a ______country.
A. powerful B. weak C. small D. friendly
3. When was St Petersburg destroyed by the Germans?
A. In 1941. B. In 1917. C. 300 years ago. D. In World War Ⅱ.
4. What did the people of St Petersburg do to protect their history and culture from being destroyed by the Germans?
A. They put pieces of the palaces in secret places.
B. They guarded their city and never let the Germans in.
C. They sold the valuable paintings to other countries.
D. They buried valuable things in the snow.
5. What did the people of St Petersburg do during the German attack?
A. They did everything they could to save their city.
B. They stayed inside their home to avoid being killed.
C. They ran away to other parts of the country.
D. They first fought and then gave in.
6. How successful was the rebuilding of St Petersburg?
A. The palaces and buildings were rebuilt with some of their old beauty lost.
B. The city looks quite different from when it was first built.
C. The city looks quite the same as when it was first built.
D. It was a complete failure in spite of a lot of effort.
7. The text is mainly about the _______of St Petersburg.
A. beauty B. culture C. city D. builder
8. What does “heroes” in the title refer to?
A. The Russian Czars.
B. The people of St Petersburg.
C. The soldiers who guarded St Petersburg.
D. The painters and workers.
9. Why did the palaces often look like something out of a fairytale?
A. Because a lot of fairytales were painted on their walks.
B. Because their images (影象) could be seen in the water of the river.
C. Because Peter the Great loved reading fairytales.
D. Because they looked very wonderful.
10. Which of the following is true about the palaces?
A. Government officials are living in them.
B. They are used as government office buildings.
C. Nobody is allowed to enter them today.
D. They are used as museums for visits.
Key: BADAA CCBDD
Language points:
1． Complete the map of each site based on what you hear on the tape .
Based on =which is based on
Base sth. on /upon sth. 以----為基礎(chǔ)，以----為根據(jù)
這部電影是根據(jù)真人真事改編的。
This film is based on a true story.
理論(Theory) 總是以實(shí)踐為基礎(chǔ)。
Theories are always based on practice.
2． List the names and the importance of the sites, and what is being done to protect them.
Protect (常與from, against連用) ：保護(hù)使免于受到損壞、攻擊、偷盜或傷害；保衛(wèi)
他舉起手臂護(hù)住臉部。
He raised his arm to protect his face.
你需要穿暖些以免著涼。
You need warm clothes to protect you against/from the cold.
秦始皇（Emperor Qin Shi Huang）把長(zhǎng)城連接起來保護(hù)國(guó)土免受外來攻擊。
Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up in order to protect the Kingdom against foreign attack.
Protection n. under the protection of 在----保護(hù)下
Protective adj. 防御用的，呵護(hù)的（be protective toward）
3. You can select five things that represent Chinese culture.
Represent: v. 象征，代表
在這篇文章中星號(hào)代表什么？
What does a star represent in this article?(represent可與stand for互換，當(dāng)表示某一事物代表另一事物時(shí)，二者可通用。但當(dāng)作為“代表”或“代理人”解時(shí)，用represent)
他將代表我們班在學(xué)校的歌詠比賽中唱歌。
He will represent our class to sing at the school singing contest.
代表那個(gè)國(guó)家出席會(huì)議的是外交部長(zhǎng)。
The country was represented at the conference by the Foreign Minister.
博物館藏有幾幅代表這個(gè)藝術(shù)家早期風(fēng)格(style)的油畫。
The museum had several paintings that represented the artist’s early style.
representative adj./ n. 代表的/代表者
他的具有代表性的繪畫 a representative collection of his paintings
中國(guó)的聯(lián)合國(guó)代表 a representative of the P.R.C. in the UN
4．Select /choose / pick
select 側(cè)重精選
choose 使用范圍廣，表示挑選，而非精選。
pick 與choose 同義
我正為我女兒選擇生日禮物。
I am selecting the birthday present for my daughter.
只有五只鋼筆可供挑選。
There are only five pens to choose from.
我們應(yīng)該挑選這項(xiàng)任務(wù)的合適人選。
We should pick the right person for the task.
5．You may also include a short message (two sentences) in any language in the box----
include /including/included
include 及物動(dòng)詞，其后的賓語(yǔ)往往是主語(yǔ)的一部分。
Including是現(xiàn)在分詞，有時(shí)被看作介詞，含有補(bǔ)充說明之意。
Included是過去分詞，放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后，起著補(bǔ)充說明的作用。
我們?nèi)斓穆眯邪ㄈラL(zhǎng)城。
Our three-day trip will include a visit to the Great Wall.
這里所有的人，包括老人，都參加了抗洪斗爭(zhēng)(the fight against the flood)。
Everyone here took part in the fight against the flood, including old people.
這本書化了我15美元，郵資包含在內(nèi)。
This book cost me $15, postage included.
(Reading)
1．Where there is a river ,there is a city.有河流的地方就有城市。
where 在這里引導(dǎo)的是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于介詞in/at/to +the place where從句（定語(yǔ)從句），意思“在----地方”。
無風(fēng)不起浪；事出有因。
Where there is smoke, there is fire.
有志者是竟成。
Where there is a will, there is a way.
竹子(Bamboo)在陽(yáng)光充足的地方長(zhǎng)的好。
Bamboo grows better where there is plenty of sunlight.
當(dāng)你讀這本書時(shí)，你最好在有問題的地方做記號(hào)。
When you read the book, you’d better make a mark where you have any questions.
主席號(hào)召青年人到需要他們的地方去。
The chairman called on the youths to go where they were needed.
2． It was under attack for 900 days , but the people of the city never gave in .城市（圣彼得堡）被德軍圍攻達(dá)900 天之久，但是，當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣駨奈辞?/p>
under attack遭到攻擊，常與be 動(dòng)詞連用。
這里的介詞under作“經(jīng)受或遭受”，“在----的過程中”等解釋，前接be 動(dòng)詞，后接名詞，有時(shí)表達(dá)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的意思。例如：
此路在修（under repair），禁止機(jī)動(dòng)車通行。
The road is under repair and is closed to motor traffic.
因?yàn)檫@件事還在討論之中(under discussion)，所以現(xiàn)在還不能明確(definite)答復(fù)你。
As the matter is under discussion, I can’t give you a definite answer now.
這座橋正在建造中(under construction)。
The bridge is under construction.
3. Restoring the city and its cultural relics seemed impossible, but the people of this great city would not give up.看來要恢復(fù)城市和他的文化遺跡原貌是不可能辦到的事， 但是這座偉大城市的人民決不肯放棄。
seem 的用法：
1) seem 后可接形容詞、名詞、不定式、分詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等作表語(yǔ)�！八坪酰孟蟆�，“看來”之意。
看來他對(duì)你的工作還挺滿意的。
He seems quite pleased with your work.
他對(duì)你好像評(píng)價(jià)很高。
He seemed to think highly of you.
我好像曾經(jīng)見過她。
I seem to have seen her before.
這個(gè)城市似乎有點(diǎn)變化。
This town seems changed a little.
人人似乎都是興高采烈的。
Everybody seems in high spirits.
2)Seem 后接to be ，注意to be的省略情況。例如：
湯姆今天上午來看你，他似乎很疲勞。
Tom, who seemed (to be) tired, came to see you this morning.
Yesterday I met a man who seemed (to be) the famous director.
I spoke to a tall man who seemed to be the boss.(to be不能省略，當(dāng)名詞前沒有修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，to be不能省略)
3)There seems (to be ) 好像有，似乎有。
這臺(tái)電腦好像出故障了。
There seems (to be) something the matter with your computer.
4) It seems (+to sb.) 后接that或as if (as though) 從句， that /as if 有時(shí)可省略, 表示“（在某人看來）好象, 似乎是---”。在此句型中，表示客觀事實(shí)時(shí)用陳述句；表示與事實(shí)相反時(shí)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
我認(rèn)為他是對(duì)的。
It seems to me that he is right.
It seems that he knows everything. (=He seems to know everything.)
It seems as if he were in a dream.
It seems as if they have finished their task.
4. Strong, proud, and united, the people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russian. 圣彼得堡人民堅(jiān)強(qiáng)不屈、充滿自豪、團(tuán)結(jié)一致，他們是俄羅斯當(dāng)代的英雄。
Strong, proud, and united為前置定語(yǔ)，在這里相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
The people of St Petersburg, who are strong, proud, and united, are the modern heroes of Russia.
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)比較短時(shí)，這類短語(yǔ)常常放在句首。又如：
Confident, selfless and honest, she is my good role model.她自信、無私、誠(chéng)實(shí)，是我的楷模。
又冷又餓，他入睡了。
Cold and hungry, he went to sleep.
5．Buildings were destroyed, and paintings and statues lay in pieces on the ground.建筑遭到毀壞，畫和雕塑也都倒在地上成了碎片。
Damage /destroy /ruin
Damage 表示損壞，主要用于物，損壞后一般可以修復(fù)。
Destroy 表示十分徹底的“破壞”，一般不能或很難修復(fù)。
Ruin 一般指抽象的“毀滅”或一般意義上的“弄壞”。
地震毀了幾所房子。
The earthquake damaged some houses.
在某種程度上，現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的發(fā)展幾乎已經(jīng)摧毀了人類賴以生存的自然環(huán)境。
Modern industrial development has almost destroyed the natural environment in some way, which the humans must rely on.
吸煙過量毀壞了他的健康。
Heavy smoking ruined his health.
如果你繼續(xù)此種愚行，你便會(huì)自毀前途。
You will ruin your future if you continue to be so foolish.
5. in ruins 成為廢墟的，破敗不堪
那建筑物已成廢墟。
The building is in ruins.
ruin n. 毀滅，崩潰的狀態(tài)
bring ----to ruin 使----毀滅，使---沒落
go /come to ruin 滅亡
6. ----but the people of the city never gave in .但是城市里的人民決不屈服。
----,but the people of this great city would not give up.但是這個(gè)偉大城市里的人民將不會(huì)放棄。
Give in 表示屈服、讓步，后面不帶任何賓語(yǔ).
Give up 表示放棄、終止，讓給。后面可帶賓語(yǔ)，也可不帶。
在公共汽車上，如果老人站著，小孩子應(yīng)該讓座。
Children should give up their seats on the bus if old people are standing.
這大大超出我的能力了，我決定放棄。
It is quite beyond my power. I’m determined to give up.
他最終不得不向警察屈服。
He had to give in to the policeman in the end .
不管我們有多少困難，我們都不會(huì)屈服。
No matter how many difficulties we may have, we won’t give in.
Give off 放出（光、煙、氣味等） give off a nice smell
Give out 分發(fā)， 分配，發(fā)出（聲音、氣味、光線等），（力量、燃料）用盡 give out newspapers
Give away送掉，贈(zèng)送，泄露（秘密），give money away to the Hope Project
Give over to --- 把----交給---/把---委托給---give the thief over to the police
7． ----and we will do everything we can to save our city.并且我們將竭盡全力來挽救我們的城市。
do everything we can to save ---是一個(gè)很重要的句型，其結(jié)構(gòu)為： do everything /what sb. can/could (do) to do----, 相當(dāng)于do /try one’s best to do ----意思是“盡某人之所能去做----”,to save our city 是動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，we can 為定語(yǔ)從句，從句中do被省略。
醫(yī)生們正在竭盡全力來挽救這個(gè)病人。
The doctors are doing everything they can to save the patient.
我們要盡力幫助窮人。
We must do what we can to help the poor.
8． hide (hid, hidden) vt. & vi.隱藏，躲藏，掩飾
hide sth. from sb.向某人隱瞞某事Go into hiding ,be in hiding躲藏起來；play hide-and-seek捉迷藏；
Hidden 隱藏的，秘密的， adj. hidden treasure / keep this hidden
太陽(yáng)被云遮掩了。
The sun was hidden by the clouds.
A)-----你躲在哪兒的？
B)----我躲在桌子下面的。
A)----Where did you hide?
B)----I hid (myself) under the table.
她設(shè)法掩飾自己的失望心情，不讓他們知道。
She tried to hide her disappointment from them..
她力圖掩飾自己的感情。
She tried to hide her feelings.
9．bring ---- back to life使----恢復(fù)/復(fù)原，使----又復(fù)活（蘇醒），救活
那個(gè)城市被燒毀，幾乎無法恢復(fù)復(fù)員。
The city was burnt down. It can hardly be brought back to life.
無人能救活那個(gè)戰(zhàn)士。
No one can bring the soldier back to life.
10. replace vt. 取代；換
replace sb./sth (=take the place of sb./sth)
喬治代替愛德華做了隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。
George has replaced Edward as captain of the team.
他受了傷，別的選手接替了他。
He was hurt and another player replaced him.
11． ----,the people of St.. Petersburg have shown that dreams can come true.--- 圣彼得堡的人民（向世人）展示夢(mèng)想可以變成現(xiàn)實(shí)
come true (希望、理想)實(shí)現(xiàn)、達(dá)到
他的上大學(xué)的夢(mèng)想終于實(shí)現(xiàn)了。
His dream to go to college has come true at last.
人的夢(mèng)想并非總能實(shí)現(xiàn)。
One’s dream does not always come true.
11. It is said to be the city’s largest ever cultural relics repair project. 這個(gè)工程據(jù)說是這個(gè)城市最大的文化遺址修復(fù)工程。
Sb, /sth. is said to be /do
=It is said that it is the city’s largest-----
=People said that it is the city’s largest ----
“據(jù)說----，聽說----”，it 為形式主語(yǔ)，代替后面的that 從句和不定式短語(yǔ)。
據(jù)說他將被派到國(guó)外接受深造。
It is said that he will be sent abroad for further study.
=He is said to be sent abroad for further study.
12. As a result of the dam, the water level of the lake was going to rise by 63 meters.由于大壩的作用，湖水的水位線將上升63米。
By 到（某事物的）程度；增減程度
他比約翰大四歲。
He is older by four years than John.
在過去的三年中，工業(yè)生產(chǎn)增加了。
Industrial production has risen by in the past three years.
Rise (go down) by 10%升（降）了10 %
rise to 63 meters.上升到63米
13. Also, around the area of Aswan there are a lot of important old temples ,which date from about 1250BC. 并且在Aswan 地區(qū)周圍有很多重要的古寺廟，它們的歷史可追溯到大約公元前1250年。
Date from (back to) 始于----，追溯到
他對(duì)集郵感興趣是從上學(xué)時(shí)開始的。
His interest in stamp collecting dates from his school days.
這些舊的大樓很可能追溯到明朝。
These old buildings possibly date from the Ming Period.
14． And missing pieces have been replaced .
Missing adj. 失蹤的，找不到的
那架飛機(jī)仍然下落不明。
The plane is still missing.
Miss v. 未中，使----逃掉；想念；錯(cuò)過，失去
我們沒有趕上公共汽車，就走回家了。
We missed the bus and walked home.
如果你搬走，我們會(huì)很想念你的。
We’ll miss you very much if you move.
Miss doing 沒能做----， 沒有----
那小孩差一點(diǎn)就讓車子撞到。
The child missed being hit by a car.
15． Second, the number of visitors should be limited.其二，游客的人數(shù)應(yīng)該受限制。
Limit限制 n. & v.
母親限制我們每一個(gè)人只可吃一塊蛋糕。（limit +n./pron.+ to +n..）
My mother limited us to one cake each.
日本限制橙的進(jìn)口。
Japan limits the import of oranges.
我能為你做的事有限。
There is a limit to what I can do for you .
他的忍耐已經(jīng)到了極限。
His patience reached its limit.
Limited adj. 有限的 limited company / a limited time
他的歷史知識(shí)相當(dāng)有限。
His knowledge of history is rather limited.
Without limit 無限地
16. Buildings were destroyed , and paintings and statues lay in pieces on the ground.建筑物被毀壞，繪畫 和雕像成為碎片，散落在地上。
1) Lie vi lay , lain lying 躺，臥，保持----狀態(tài)， 處于，
Lie on the grass 躺在草地上
Cities lying in ruins 成廢墟狀態(tài)的城市
日本位于中國(guó)的東部。
Japan lies to the east of China.
展現(xiàn)在我們面前的風(fēng)景非常美麗。
The landscape lying before us is very lovely.
2)Lie vi. lied , lied ,lying 撒謊，欺騙
不要對(duì)我撒謊。
Don’t lie to me .
17. Today Peter the Great on his bronze horse can once again look out over the city he built.
今天，比得大帝騎在銅馬背上，再一次俯視他曾經(jīng)建造的城市。
Look （out）over sth.=inspect or examine sth. 檢閱或檢查某事
Grammar
The present perfect passive voice (現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞加介詞也可構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)與主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)一致，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，重點(diǎn)看它對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果和影響，結(jié)構(gòu)為：have/has been done.
They have already built the bridge. （→被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）
The bridge has already been built.
這個(gè)故事已經(jīng)被翻譯成英語(yǔ)。
This story has been translated into English.
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用場(chǎng)合：
1)不知道動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者是誰(shuí)。
His bike has been stolen.
2)沒有必要說出動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。
Three buildings have been built in our school recently.
3強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。
The book has been translated into many foreign languages.
4)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
The children have been taken good care of for three years.