章節(jié) 第八單元
關(guān)鍵詞
內(nèi)容
一、目的與要求
復(fù)習(xí)第一至第七單元出現(xiàn)過(guò)的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目
二、語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用
運(yùn)用所學(xué)的食物名稱及有關(guān)“就餐”的日常交際用語(yǔ)，完成教科書(shū)和練習(xí)冊(cè)中規(guī)定的聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、寫(xiě)的任務(wù)；閱讀課文“Food around the world”，深刻理解，完成有關(guān)課文內(nèi)容的練習(xí)，并進(jìn)一步練習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)及各種動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法。
三、日常交際用語(yǔ)
本單元復(fù)習(xí)第一至第七單元的交際用語(yǔ)，小結(jié)如下：
1．介紹問(wèn)好
①Hello/Hi. Nice to meet you.
②I’ll introduce you.
③Give one’s regards/best wishes/love to sb.
④I must go/be leaving now.
2．建議要求
①Here are some do’s and don’ts.
②Follow…instructions.
③What about…?
④Make sure that…
⑤Do what he/she tells you to do.
3．請(qǐng)求幫助
①Would you please say that again more slowly?
②Pardon? I’m sorry I know only a little English.
③I don’t quite fllow you.
④How do you pronounce/spell…?
⑤I have some difficulty in doing…
⑥What does…mean?
4．祝愿
①Have a good time.
②Good luck. Have a good tip.
③The same to you.
5．餐桌用語(yǔ)
①Would you like another piece of beancurd?
②How about some more…?
③Just a little, please…
④No, thanks. I’ve had enough.
⑤Help yourself to…
⑥Let me give you…
四、重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)分析
1．-Would you like another piece of beancurd? -要不要再吃一塊豆腐？
-Yes, please. -好的，謝謝。
在口語(yǔ)中Yes常與please連用，“Yes, please”意為“好吧”，與此相反的是“No,
thinks”，如：
①-Would you like another glass of juice? -還要一杯果汗嗎？
-No, thanks. -不用了，謝謝。
②-Have some more cake, please. -請(qǐng)?jiān)俪渣c(diǎn)蛋糕。
-No, thanks. I’m full/I’ve had enough. -不用了，我已經(jīng)飽了。
2．What a delicious supper! 多么美味的晚餐��！
一般情況下三餐前不用冠詞，have breakfast, have lunch, have supper吃早、中、晚
飯。但當(dāng)三餐前有定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)，要帶冠詞，如：
①After a quick breakfast, Mary hurried to school. 匆匆吃過(guò)早飯后，Mary趕去上學(xué)。
②What a nice dinner we had at your house! 你家的晚飯?zhí)煽诹耍?/p>
3．Take turns to offer each other the foods in Part 2 in pairs.
兩人一組，輪流請(qǐng)對(duì)方吃，第二部分中出現(xiàn)的食物。
△Take turns to do表示輪流做某事。It’s one’s turn to do…表示輪到某人做某事，如：
①They took turns to keep watch. 他們輪流站崗。
②It’s your turn to recite the passage. 輪到你背這篇短文了。
△offer 提供 r.n.提供之物
①He offered 10,000 dollars to help the poor. 他拿出1萬(wàn)美元幫助窮人。
②Could you offer me a cup of coffee, please? 請(qǐng)給我一杯咖啡好嗎？
③My sister was offered a good chance to go abroad for further study of English.
我姐姐得到了一個(gè)出國(guó)深造英語(yǔ)的好機(jī)會(huì)。
④Would you like to accept the offer? 你愿意接受這個(gè)幫助嗎？
⑤Thank you for your kind offer of help. 感謝你所提供的幫助。
4．When Christopher Columbus and his friend…, they discovered the plant “corn” there.
Discover vt. 發(fā)現(xiàn)，看出，指揭示久已存在但從未被人知曉的客觀事實(shí)，如：
①M(fèi)any years ago, electricity was discovered. The discovery made people’s life changed a
lot. 許多年前人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了電，電的發(fā)現(xiàn)使人們的生活發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
②We have discovered that he is a quite careful in his word. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他工作很仔細(xì)。
另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞invent指創(chuàng)造客觀世界上從未有過(guò)的新事物，詞義為“發(fā)明”，如：
①The computer was invented after electricity was discovered. It is one of the most
important inventions in the world.
發(fā)現(xiàn)了電之后才發(fā)明了電腦，電腦的發(fā)明是世界上最重要的發(fā)明之一。
②Electricity was not discovered by Edison, but he invented the electric light.
電不是愛(ài)迪生發(fā)現(xiàn)的，但他發(fā)明了電燈。
5．…there was not enough room for the population.
那兒已經(jīng)沒(méi)有足夠大的地方裝下這么多人了。
room在這里是一個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞，意為空間，與space相近。
①There is no room left for the newcomer. 新到的人已經(jīng)沒(méi)地兒了。
②He took up too much room in our room. 他在我們的房間占了很大的地兒。
6．They needed a plant which didn’t need as much water as rice.
這是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，意為：他們需要一種不象稻谷那樣需要水的作物。
7．It is a very useful plant that can be prepared in many different ways.
這是一種非常有用的作物，可用許多不同的方法制做成食物。
1) prepare調(diào)制
How do you prepare the fish? 你怎么做這魚(yú)？
2) prepare sth. Prepare to do sth. 準(zhǔn)備……
①He is preparing his speech for tomorrow’s meeting. 他正在準(zhǔn)備明天大會(huì)的演講稿。
②I was about to prepare supper when the bell rang. 我正要做晚飯時(shí)門鈴響了。
③What are you preparing to offer me? 你準(zhǔn)備為我提供點(diǎn)什么？
④He is preparing to go abroad. 他正準(zhǔn)備出國(guó)。
3) prepare sb. for sth. 使某人對(duì)某事有思想準(zhǔn)備。
①The teacher is preparing the students for the coming examination.
老師讓考生對(duì)即將到來(lái)的考試做準(zhǔn)備。
②We must be prepared for failure again. 我們必須做好再次失敗的心理準(zhǔn)備。
4) be prepared to do sth. 樂(lè)于做某事。
①He’s not prepared to listen to your excuse. 他不樂(lè)意聽(tīng)你的解釋。
②I’m prepared to help others. 我樂(lè)于助人。
8．Sometimes they cook it whole over an open fire.
有時(shí)候他們把整只玉米放在露天的火上燒烤。
whole表示“全部”一般不用來(lái)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體的完整。
①They cooked a duck whole over the fire and soon a delicious smell came out.
他們烤了一整只鴨子，很快香味就飄出來(lái)了。
②The man ate an egg whole at a time. 那人一次吞下一整個(gè)雞蛋。
注意whole一般放在限定詞后面，名詞前，而all則放在限定詞前面，如：
the whole class（整個(gè)班） my whole life（我整個(gè)生命）
three whole days（三整天） all my books（我所有的書(shū)）
all the students（所有的考生） all three days（三整天）
9．In many parts of the world corn is made into powder.
世界上還有許多地方把玉米磨成粉。
1) be made into意為“原料被加工成了……”
①We can make glass into different kinds of things. 我們可以把玻璃制成各種東西。
2) be made of指“成品是由什么原料制成的”能看出原材料。be made from則看不出
原材料。
①Gas is made from coal. 煤氣是由煤產(chǎn)生的。
②This kind of wine is made from grape. 這種酒是葡萄制成的。
③The desks are made of wood. 桌子是木頭做的。
④The cloth is made of cotton. 這種布是用棉花制成的。
3) be made up of“由…組成”
①The novel is made up of ten parts. 這部小說(shuō)有十部分組成。
②The sports team is made up of eleven members. 這支隊(duì)由11人組成。
10．A number of other plants were found in America. 在美洲還發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多其他的作物。
A number of表示“很多”，與a lot of用法相同，后面接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：
①A number of birds come to KunMing for the winter eveay year.
每年冬天有大量的鳥(niǎo)飛到昆明。
②A number of students are playing on the playground. But I don’t know what the number is.
很多學(xué)生在操場(chǎng)上玩，但我不知道有多少人。
the number of表示“…的數(shù)目”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如：
③The number of the students in our school has risen this year.
今年我們學(xué)校學(xué)生的數(shù)目上升了。
五、定語(yǔ)從句
1．從定語(yǔ)從句和它修飾的先行詞關(guān)系來(lái)看，有限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句兩種。
說(shuō) 明
例 句
限制性定語(yǔ)從句
限定了先行詞的范圍和意思，這類從句不能省去。
I’ve found a man who can help you.
我找到了一個(gè)能幫助你的人。
Autumn in Beijing is the season which is neither hot not cold.
北京的秋天是不熱也不冷的季節(jié)。
The factory where he worked was built in 1940.
他工作的那工廠建于1940年。
Is this school the one you visited yesterday?
這是你昨天參觀的那所學(xué)校嗎？
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
只是對(duì)附加詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列的分句，如果省略，剩下的主句意思仍然清楚。書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)，從句和主句之間要用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，不能用that引導(dǎo)。
I knocked at the door of the chemist’s, which immediately opened.
我敲了一下藥店的門，門很快就開(kāi)了。
She has a sister, who is a musician.
她有一個(gè)是音樂(lè)家的姐姐。
They set up a school, where there were lots of students studying.
他們建了一所學(xué)校，有許多學(xué)生在那兒學(xué)習(xí)。
2．關(guān)系代詞的用法
關(guān)系代詞
用 法
例 句
that
做從句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，先行詞可以是人也可以是物。
The table that stands over there is made of wood.
那邊的桌子是用木頭做的。
The book I gave you is well worth reading.
我給你的那本書(shū)很值得讀。
The man that is talking to my father is my English teacher.
和我父親談話的那個(gè)人是我的英語(yǔ)老師。
which
做從句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，先行詞是表示物的名詞或代詞。
The school (which) we visited is a famous one in Beijing.
我們參觀的那所學(xué)校是北京的一所名校。
She hasn’t got enough money with which to buy the ring. 他沒(méi)帶夠買戒指的錢。
who
whom
做從句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，其先行語(yǔ)為表示人的名詞或代詞。
Do you know the man who often makes speeches here?
你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)經(jīng)常在這兒做演講的人嗎？
Who’s the woman (whom) you just referred to?
剛才你指的是哪個(gè)人？
whose
做從句的定語(yǔ)，先行詞可以是人也可以是物。
LiMin is the boy whose father is an engineer.
李明這個(gè)男孩的爸爸是工程師。
I live in the house whose windows face north.
我住的房子窗子朝北。
3．在介詞后的關(guān)系代詞只能用whom（先行詞為人），which（先行詞既可是人也可
是物）
這就是剛才你和我談起的那個(gè)人
This is the man about whom you just talked with me.
This is the man (whom) you just talked about with me.
這就是我三年前住的房間
This is the room is which we lived three years ago.
This is the room (which) we lived in three years ago.
4．關(guān)系副詞的用法
關(guān)系副詞
基本用法
例 句
when
在從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，其先行詞為表示時(shí)間的名詞或代詞。
I still remember the day when I joined the Youth League. 我仍然記著入團(tuán)的那一天。
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記在農(nóng)場(chǎng)工作的那段時(shí)光。
when
在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，先行詞為表示地點(diǎn)的名詞和代詞。
This is the bridge where you took photos.
這座橋是你照像的地方。
why
在從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)常與reason連用。
I know the reason why she was angry.
我知道她為什么生氣了。
5．定語(yǔ)中只能用that，不能用which的情況
▲被修飾的先行詞為不定代詞，all, much, something, everything, nothing, anything, none, the one等時(shí)，如：
We should do all that is useful to the people. 我們應(yīng)該做一切有益于人民的事。
Do you mean the one that I bought yesterday? 你指的是我昨天買的嗎？
▲先行詞被only, any, few, little, no, one of, just, very等修飾時(shí)，如：
The only thing that we could do was to wait. 我們唯一能做的是等待。
The is the right person that I’m waiting for. 他就是我等的人。
△先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾或本身是序數(shù)詞時(shí)，如：
When we talk about WuXi, the first that comes to mind is Tai lake.
當(dāng)我們談起無(wú)錫時(shí)，首先想到的是太湖。
This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term. 這是我校本學(xué)期放映
的第三部片子。
△先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，如：
The must important thing that should be done is how to stop him from going on.
最重要的是如何阻止他繼續(xù)下去。
This book is the best one that I’ve read. 這本書(shū)是我看過(guò)的最好一本。
△如有兩個(gè)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which，另一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞用that，以避免重
復(fù)。
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
愛(ài)迪生辦了一家工廠，生產(chǎn)過(guò)去從未見(jiàn)到過(guò)的東西。
6．定語(yǔ)從句中只能用which，不能用that的情況
△關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)
A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.
動(dòng)物園是展覽各種動(dòng)物的樂(lè)園。
Is this the room in which Mr White lives?
這就是white先生住的房間嗎？
▲which在從句中代替的是前面整個(gè)句子的意思時(shí)，不能用that
The street hasn’t been cleaned for weeks, which makes it very dirty.
街道好多星期沒(méi)打掃了，因此整條街很臟。
He takes exercises everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health.
他每天運(yùn)動(dòng)，這對(duì)他的身體很有好處。
六、典型例題
1．-Who do you know the electricity?
-I don’t know who did it. But I know that Thomas Edison the electric lamp.
A. invented; invented B. discovered; invented C. found; found D. discovered; found
2．- beancurd you’ve cooked!
-It’s very kind of you to say so.
A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice
3．Wood can be made a great number of things. Look, this kind of paper is made
wood.
A. into; of B. into; from C. from; into D. of; from
4．-Would you like another piece of cake?
- .
A. Yes, please B. Yes, thanks C. No, please D. Yes, if you like
5．- .
-Thank you.
A. Make yourself at home, Eat some fish B. You can eat some more fish by yourself
C. You’re free to eat some fish D. Help yourself to some fish
6．The farmers do their best to the market with enough vegetables.
A. supply B. feed C. prepare D. offer
7． students is more than two thousand in this school.
A. The number of B. A good many C. A number of D. plenty of
8．The car was too 6 people.
A. crowded with B. full of C. filled with D. small to
9．After the new technique introduced, the factory produced tractors in 1988 as the
year before.
A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as
10．-Do you think I could borrow your dictionary?
- .
A. Yes, you may borrow B. Yes, you could C. Yes, go on D. Yes, help youself
答案：1-5．B、D、B、A、D 6-10．A、A、A、C、D
8．這輛車坐6個(gè)人太擠了，be crowded with意為“擁擠”
9．工廠引進(jìn)新的技術(shù)之后，1988年生產(chǎn)的拖拉機(jī)是去年的2倍
10．“help yourself ” 除了有“自用食物”的意思外還有“自己動(dòng)手做”的意思
七、語(yǔ)法練習(xí)
1．Finally came the day he had to begin his study for the next term.
A. till B. when C. since D. which
2．The train she was travelling was late.
A. by which B. on that C. on which D. /
3．Is some German friends visited last week.
A. this school where B. this school one C. this the school D. this school
4．Is there anyone in your class home is in the country?
A. who’s B. his C. whose D. that
5．He talked about the people and things interested him greatly during his stay here.
A. which B. that C. who D. they
6．This is the only verb can be used in this sentence.
A. that B. which C. it D. /
7．This is just the place I’m longing to visit these days.
A. where B. to which C. / D. to where
8．The house he visited yesterday was the one the great writer lived many years
ago.
A. where; where B. which; which C. where; which D. which; where
9．The taxi a truck had knocked last night was destroyed.
A. which B. where C. at which D. into which
10．All is needed is a supply of oil.
A. the thing B. that C. what D. which
答案： 1-5．B、A、C、C、B
6-10．A、C、D、C、B
2．She was travelling by brain. 所以此題應(yīng)選A。
3．此題考查對(duì)先行詞的判斷能力�！癟his is the school,” “school ”是先行詞。如果沒(méi)
有“the”, “this school ”后面要加“the one ”代替先行詞“school”, This school is the
one that…
5．當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)關(guān)系代詞用“that”。
7．關(guān)系代詞在從句中做賓語(yǔ)可以省略。
8．“The house ”在從句中做“visited ”的賓語(yǔ)，“the one ”在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。
這句話的意思是：他昨天參觀的那所房子幾年前是一個(gè)偉大的作家居住的地方。
9．介詞后用which. “knock at ”表示碰撞，昨天晚上一輛出租車被卡車撞壞了。
10．先行詞是“All ”，關(guān)系代詞只能用that。