§2.1詞句貫通
1.every now and then/again不時(shí)地
Write me a post card every now and then.
請(qǐng)不時(shí)地給我寫(xiě)張明信片。
Every now and then a plane would take off.
不時(shí)會(huì)有一架飛機(jī)起飛。
He only comes to London every now and then.
他只是偶爾來(lái)趟倫敦。
Every now and again she wiped her eyes with a handkerchief.
她不時(shí)地用手帕擦一擦眼睛。
2.downtown adv.往城里，往市中心
Let’s go downtown this afternoon.
咱們今天下午去鬧市區(qū)吧。
I went downtown to do some shopping today.
今天我到商業(yè)區(qū)購(gòu)物去了。
They moved downtown last year.
他們搬到城里去了。
He lives downtown.他住在市區(qū)。
downtown adj.商業(yè)區(qū)的，鬧市區(qū)的
He was born in downtown Tianjin.
他生在天津鬧市區(qū)。
I work in a downtown office.
我在市區(qū)的一家公司上班。
The downtown traffic is very bad.
鬧市區(qū)的交通很差。
3.surrounding n.（常用復(fù)數(shù)）環(huán)境，周?chē)氖挛?/p>
I’d like to bring up my child in healthy surroundings.
我想在健康的環(huán)境中養(yǎng)育我的孩子。
The hotel stands in picturesque surroundings.
賓館四周的環(huán)境優(yōu)美如畫(huà)。
surrounding adj.周?chē)模浇?/p>
the surrounding country近郊
the surrounding scenery四周的風(fēng)景
surround v.包圍；圍繞
be surrounded with/by…被……環(huán)繞著
A crowd surrounded him.一群人圍著他。
The school was surrounded by/with a fence.
學(xué)校四周?chē)h笆。
Mystery surrounds the actress’s death.
女演員之死籠罩著神秘的氣氛。
4.feast n.(感官、精神等的)享受；盛宴
The flower exhibition was a feast for the eyes.
看花展是件賞心悅目的事。
The classical music is really a feast for the ears.
這首古典樂(lè)曲令人大飽耳福。
a wedding feast喜宴
give/make/hold a feast舉行宴會(huì)，設(shè)宴
There are no feasts in the world which do not break up at last.
天下沒(méi)有不散的筵席。
The Queen invited them to a feast.
女王邀請(qǐng)他們參加慶宴。
The King made a great feast to his ministers.
國(guó)王大宴群臣。
5.dip n.(在江、河、湖、海中)洗澡，游泳
take a dip in the lake在湖里游泳
I will have a dip in the sea.
我要洗個(gè)海水浴。
dip v.浸泡，沾水
He dipped the pen into ink.
他把筆浸到墨水里。
The little girl dipped a piece of bread into her soup.
小女孩把一塊面包泡到湯里。
dip into把手伸入；瀏覽，稍加研究
He dipped into his pocket to get his key out.
他把手伸進(jìn)口袋掏鑰匙。
I haven’t read that book carefully.I’ve only dipped into it.
我沒(méi)有認(rèn)真讀過(guò)那本書(shū)，只是隨便翻閱過(guò)。
I have been dipping into ancient history.
我一直在研究古代史。
6.shore n.濱，岸
They kept walking along the shore.
他們一直沿著岸邊走。
There was an old house on the shore.
岸上有棟老房子。
They found a ship about 2 miles off the shore.
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)在離海岸2英里處有一艘輪船。
off shore在離岸的海里，在離海岸不遠(yuǎn)處
The boat is two miles off shore.
那艘船在離海岸兩英里的海里。
on shore在岸上，在陸上
In the storm,many seamen wished they were on shore.
有暴風(fēng)雨時(shí)，很多水手都希望在岸上。
They went on shore the moment the ship reached the harbor.
輪船一到港口，他們就上了岸。
7.budget n.預(yù)算(常與介詞for連用)
a family budget家庭預(yù)算
the government budget for the coming year
下年度的政府預(yù)算
an advertising budget of $8000
八千美元的廣告預(yù)算
introduce/open the budget提出預(yù)算方案
She made a monthly budget for her family.
她為家庭做了每個(gè)月的預(yù)算。
budget v.編制預(yù)算
He budgeted for buying a house.
他為買(mǎi)房子編制預(yù)算。
He saves a lot of money by careful budgeting.
他通過(guò)精打細(xì)算節(jié)省了大筆錢(qián)。
8.rate 價(jià)格；費(fèi)用；速度；效率
The room rates at the hotel range from $10 to $35 per day.
那家賓館的房間價(jià)格從10美元到35美元不等。
What’s the letter postage rate to foreign countries?
往國(guó)外寄信的費(fèi)用是多少？
The train was going at a rapid rate.
那輛火車(chē)高速行駛。
They are walking at the rate of 4 kilometres an hour.
他們以每小時(shí)4公里的速度行進(jìn)。
She can read at the rate of 100 words a minute.
她的閱讀速度是每分鐘100詞。
The birth rate is under control in this country.
這個(gè)國(guó)家的出生率已得到控制。
The divorce rate is very high in the United States.
美國(guó)的離婚率很高。
at any rate無(wú)論如何，不管怎樣；至少
At any rate I will come.無(wú)論如何我都會(huì)來(lái)。
She didn’t work very hard,but at any rate,she passed the test.
她不很用功，但至少她通過(guò)了考試。
at this/that rate如果是這樣的話，如果這樣繼續(xù)下去的話
At this rate we won’t be able to buy a house.
照這情形來(lái)看，我們可能買(mǎi)不起房子。
9.sight n.情景，景象[C]；目光，視力，視野[U]
The sunset is a beautiful sight.
落日是很美的景象。
What a sad sight!多么悲慘的景象啊!
She has good/poor sight.她視力好(差)。
Keep out of my sight.不要讓我看到你。
I watched him until he disappeared from sight in the distance.
我望著他直到他消失在遠(yuǎn)方。
a/the sight of看到，見(jiàn)到
The crowd waited for a sight of the Queen passing by.
人群等著看王后從這里經(jīng)過(guò)。
The sight of a snake frightened her.
看到蛇把她嚇壞了。
10.accommodation n.住處，膳宿(通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式)；方便，便利(不可數(shù))
Please phone the hotel for accommodations.
請(qǐng)打電話給旅館訂房間。
This hotel has accommodations for 2 000 guests.
這家旅館有容納2000名客人的設(shè)備。
Can we find accommodations at a hotel for tonight?
我們今晚能找到旅館住宿嗎？
It would be an accommodation to me if you could come.
你若能來(lái)，對(duì)我而言真是好極了。
§2.2發(fā)散思維
1.disappointed adj.失望的，感到失望的
They were disappointed about/with/at/in the results.
他們對(duì)結(jié)果感到失望。
She was disappointed at not being invited to the wedding.
她由于未獲邀請(qǐng)參加婚禮而感到失望。
She was disappointed of her purpose.
她因沒(méi)有達(dá)到目的而感到失望。
I was disappointed that she was not able to come.
她不能來(lái)，令我很是失望。
disappointing adj.令人失望的；掃興的
What disappointing news it is!
多么令人失望的消息!
It was disappointing not to be able to see her.
不能見(jiàn)到她真令人失望。
disappoint vt.使失望，使沮喪
The result disappointed me.
結(jié)果使我失望。
Her lack of success disappointed Mary.
她未能成功使瑪麗很失望。
disappoint vt.使(計(jì)劃、希望等)落空，受挫，辜負(fù)
The accident disappointed our plans.
這次意外事件使我們的計(jì)劃落空。
disappoint a person’s expectation辜負(fù)某人的期望
2.guarantee vt.保證……免受損失或傷害；確保
guarantee sth.保證……
They guarantee this clock for a year.
他們對(duì)這個(gè)鐘表保修一年。
I guarantee the success of the show.
我保證這場(chǎng)表演會(huì)成功。
guarantee sb.sth./guarantee sth.to sb.保證某人……
Buying a train ticket doesn’t guarantee you a seat.
買(mǎi)到火車(chē)票并不保證你有座位。
They guaranteed their workers regular employment.
他們保證長(zhǎng)期雇用他們的工人。
guarantee to do sth.保證做某事
I guarantee to pay off his debt.
我保證付清他的債務(wù)。
I guarantee to be here tomorrow.
我保證明天來(lái)這里。
guarantee sth.(to be)…保證……是……
The art dealer guaranteed the picture (to be) genuine.
那個(gè)工藝品商保證這幅畫(huà)是真品。
guarantee that…保證……
I guarantee that you will be satisfied with the result.
我保證你會(huì)對(duì)結(jié)果感到滿意。
Who can guarantee that he will keep his word?
誰(shuí)能擔(dān)保他說(shuō)話算數(shù)？
知識(shí)記憶
§2.1知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)
1.arrival n.到達(dá)者；到達(dá)物；到達(dá)
He was the last arrival.
他是最后一個(gè)到達(dá)的
There were several new arrivals in the school.
學(xué)校新來(lái)了幾個(gè)學(xué)生。
We are waiting for Tom’s arrival.
我們?cè)诘群驕返牡絹?lái)。
The arrival of the train was delayed by the storm.
火車(chē)因暴風(fēng)雨而晚點(diǎn)了。
Our time of arrival in Tokyo is four o’clock.
我們到達(dá)東京的時(shí)間是4點(diǎn)。
on/upon one’s arrival某人一到達(dá)就……
They gave him a warm welcome on his arrival.
他一到達(dá)，就受到他們的熱烈歡迎。
She sent her mother a telegram upon her arrival in Paris.
她一到巴黎就給她媽媽發(fā)了一封電報(bào)。
On his arrival at the airport,he called a taxi.
他一到機(jī)場(chǎng)便叫了一輛出租車(chē)。
2.sacrifice n.犧牲
Parents often make sacrifices for their children.
父母常為子女作種種犧牲。
I would never dream of asking you to make such a sacrifice.
我從沒(méi)想讓你作出這樣的犧牲。
He achieved his success at great sacrifice.
他作了很大的犧牲才獲得成功。
at the sacrifice of以犧牲……為代價(jià)
sell sth.at a sacrifice賤賣(mài)，虧本出售
sacrifice vt.犧牲；奉獻(xiàn)；把……作祭品
She sacrificed her life to save her child from the fire.
她為了從火中救出孩子而犧牲了自己的生命。
I won餿 sacrifice my health in pursuit of wealth.
我不會(huì)為追求財(cái)富而犧牲自己的健康。
He sacrifices health for/to pleasure.
他為了玩樂(lè)而犧牲健康。
They sacrificed a lamb to God.
他們以羔羊作祭品供奉上帝。
3.former adj.以前的；(兩者中的)前者(要與the連用)
He is one of my former classmates.
他是我以前的一位同學(xué)。
Clinton is the former president of the United States.
克林頓是美國(guó)前總統(tǒng)。
I prefer the former design to the latter.
我比較喜歡前者的設(shè)計(jì)方案，不喜歡后者。
Joan and Jane are sisters.The former is a pianist;the latter is a singer.
瓊和簡(jiǎn)是姐妹，前者是鋼琴家，后者是歌手。
Of pigs and cows,the former is less valuable.
豬和牛比較，前者較不值錢(qián)。
4.recover vt.恢復(fù)原狀；恢復(fù)；(使身體)復(fù)原
He is beginning to recover his strength.
他開(kāi)始恢復(fù)體力。
I don’t think he will recover.
我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)恢復(fù)健康。
recover from…從……中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)
He is recovering from a severe illness.
他正從重病中復(fù)元。
We haven’t yet recovered from the shock.
我們還沒(méi)有從那次打擊中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)。
The country has not yet recovered from the effects of the war.
那個(gè)國(guó)家尚未從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的影響中復(fù)原。
recover oneself恢復(fù)健康，痊愈；清醒過(guò)來(lái)；鎮(zhèn)定下來(lái)；重新站穩(wěn)
I got a bad cold but I recovered myself a week later.
我得了重感冒，但一周后就痊愈了。
She soon recovered herself and stopped crying.
她很快鎮(zhèn)定下來(lái)，停止了哭泣。
I almost fell but managed to recover myself.
我?guī)缀醯�，但還是設(shè)法站穩(wěn)了。
5.shoot vt.射死；射中；發(fā)射
He shot a deer in the forest.
他在森林里射殺了一只鹿。
He was shot in the arm.他被擊中手臂。
He shot himself,which made us shocked.
他開(kāi)槍自殺了，使我們非常震驚。
The police shot the terrorist dead.
警察擊斃了那個(gè)恐怖分子
shoot at…向……開(kāi)槍?zhuān)颉鋼?/p>
The captain ordered his men to shoot at the enemies.
上尉命令他的士兵向敵人開(kāi)火。
He shot at a wild duck,but missed it.
他朝著一只野鴨射擊，但沒(méi)射中。
比較：He shot a bird and killed it.
他射殺了一只鳥(niǎo)。
6.vain adj.徒勞的；徒然的
But his efforts were vain.
但是他的努力是徒勞的。
It is vain to resist.反抗是沒(méi)用的。
She made a vain attempt to stop him.
她試圖阻止他，但是徒然。
in vain徒勞；白辛苦
He tried in vain to memorize the poem.
他怎么背都沒(méi)辦法把那首詩(shī)背出來(lái)。
He tried to save his son from drowning,but in vain.
他試圖救他兒子免于溺死，但是徒然。
All their attempts were in vain.
他們所有的嘗試都是徒勞。
7.overcome vt.戰(zhàn)勝；克服
We overcame the enemy and marched on.
我們戰(zhàn)勝了敵人，繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。
He overcame his fear of the dark.
他克服了對(duì)黑暗的恐懼。
He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness.
他努力克服了自己的致命弱點(diǎn)。
She overcame her bad habits.
她克服了自己的壞習(xí)慣。
be overcome by/with…不堪忍受……，極為……
He was overcome by the heat.
他熱得受不了。
She was overcome by fear.她嚇得要命。
The child was overcome by weariness and slept.
那孩子疲倦之極，睡著了。
8.gather v.聚集，聚攏；收集，積累
Thousands of people gathered for the rock concert.
數(shù)千人聚集在一起聽(tīng)搖滾音樂(lè)會(huì)。
Worker ants gather food and repair the nest.
工蟻收集食物及修理巢穴。
He gathered up his papers and left.
他把文件收拾起來(lái)就離開(kāi)了。
He gathered his students around him.
他把學(xué)生聚集在他周?chē)?/p>
He likes to gather wealth.
他喜歡積累財(cái)富。
9.clothing n.(總稱(chēng))衣服，服裝(不可數(shù)名詞)
a piece of clothing或an article of clothing一件衣服
There is nothing but clothing in this cupboard.
櫥子里只有衣服。
We have plenty of food and clothing.
我們有充足的食物和衣物。
The government provides its people with food,clothing and shelters.
政府為人民提供食品、衣物和住所。
Food here is cheaper than in Britain;clothing,on the other hand,is dearer.
這里的食物比英國(guó)便宜，但衣物較貴。
In those days they were not able to afford woolen clothing.
那時(shí)候，他們買(mǎi)不起毛衣。
10.willing adj.樂(lè)意的，自愿的
I’m quite willing to help you.
我很樂(lè)意幫助你。
He was still willing to marry her.
他仍然愿意娶她。
Are you willing that he should join our group?
你愿意他加入我們的團(tuán)體嗎？
Are you willing that he should be admitted into our club?
你愿意他加入我們的俱樂(lè)部嗎？
§2.2發(fā)散思維
1.insist v.堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)決要求
insist on/upon sth.
He insisted on his correctness.
他堅(jiān)稱(chēng)他是對(duì)的。
I insist on quietness in my room.
我要求在我的房間里要安靜。
He insisted on the obedience of each man.
他堅(jiān)決要求人人服從他。
insist on (one’s) doing sth.
He insisted on writing her a letter at once.
他一定要馬上給她寫(xiě)一封信。
She insisted upon lending them her car.
她堅(jiān)持把她的車(chē)借給他們。
I insisted on being given another chance.
我堅(jiān)決要求再給我一次機(jī)會(huì)。
I must insist on your giving me an immediate answer.
我堅(jiān)持你立即給我答復(fù)。
insist后可接that從句，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形.”形式。
We insisted that she (should) come to the party.
我們堅(jiān)持她一定要來(lái)參加聚會(huì)。
He insisted that the work be finished by the end of this month.
他要求這個(gè)月底完成工作。
She insisted that her mother send her to a dancing school.
她要求她媽媽送她到舞蹈學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。
insist有時(shí)可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。
-Let me pay.我來(lái)付錢(qián)吧。
-All right,if you insist.那好吧，如果你堅(jiān)持的話。
I’ll go with you if you insist.
如果你堅(jiān)持的話，我就跟你一塊去。
insist vt.堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，硬說(shuō)
此時(shí)后接that從句，但從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
He insists that the answer is right.
他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為答案是正確的。
She insisted that she needed no help.
她堅(jiān)持說(shuō)她不需要幫助。
2.supply vt.提供，供應(yīng)
supply sth.to/for sb.或supply sb.with sth.“給某人提供某物”
In Britain milk is supplied to each house in bottles.
在英國(guó)牛奶是以瓶裝的形式送到各家的。
The school supplies books to the students.
→The school supplies the students with books.
學(xué)校為學(xué)生提供書(shū)籍。
Miss Wang is well supplied with money.
王小姐很有錢(qián)。
supply n.供應(yīng)，供給；供應(yīng)品，生活用品
The water supply in this town is good.
這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)的水供應(yīng)很好。
They sent some medicine supplies for the old.
他們?yōu)槔夏耆颂峁┝艘恍┧幤贰?/p>
England largely depends on other countries for her food supplies.
英國(guó)主要依靠別的國(guó)家來(lái)供給食物。
a supply of或supplies of “大量的”
Bring a large supply of food with you.
請(qǐng)你帶上大量的食物。
The cupboard has a good supply of books.
這個(gè)櫥子里有很多書(shū)。
The bear has stored supplies of fat in its body.
熊在身體里儲(chǔ)存著大量的脂肪。