內(nèi)容
一、教法建議
【拋磚引玉】
義務(wù)教育初中英語教科書第二冊吸取了世界上現(xiàn)代的語言教學(xué)方法，同時又結(jié)合我國國情繼承了傳統(tǒng)的行之有效的教學(xué)方法，具體體現(xiàn)在以下幾方面：
〈一〉義務(wù)教育初中英語教科書要教會學(xué)生如何使用英語，而不是懂點(diǎn)英語知識。
〈二〉教科書非常重視母語為漢語的學(xué)習(xí)者在學(xué)習(xí)英語中的特有的困難和問題。
〈三〉遵循英語教學(xué)規(guī)律，寓思想教育于語言教學(xué)之中。英語教學(xué)的任務(wù)是通過基本訓(xùn)練培養(yǎng)學(xué)生為交際運(yùn)用英語的能力。只有按照英語教學(xué)規(guī)律的要求編選教材進(jìn)行教學(xué)，才能有效地講解基礎(chǔ)知識進(jìn)行基本訓(xùn)練和培養(yǎng)聽、說、讀、寫能力。教學(xué)內(nèi)容要滲透思想道德因素，要寓思想教育于語言教學(xué)之中，隨著學(xué)生知識、技能和能力的不斷增長，其思想品德也受著潛移默化的熏陶。因此要幫助學(xué)生樹立正確的思想，培養(yǎng)良好的品德。正確認(rèn)識世界，增強(qiáng)對英語國家文化的了解。
〈四〉本單元是交際英語的典范。幫助學(xué)生找到自己要去的地方，在交際過程中，要注重用英語來表達(dá)怎樣行走到達(dá)目的地即如何用英文表達(dá)方向這正是本單元的交際重點(diǎn)。
〈五〉結(jié)合本單元交際性強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn)，可以通過圖片、電視、幻燈等電教手段創(chuàng)設(shè)良好語境，從而幫助學(xué)生利用這些教學(xué)手段，編制有關(guān)問路的對話，可以競賽的形式出現(xiàn)。以便激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)積極性。
〈六〉在講授本單元詞匯部分時，應(yīng)采用多種形式，即詞性轉(zhuǎn)變、構(gòu)詞法、近義詞。
�、趐olice警察（總稱） eg. a policeman一個警察；three policemen三個警察
�、踠ook for，find的區(qū)別：前者意思是“尋找”，強(qiáng)調(diào)找的動作，不強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的結(jié)果。find意思是“找到”強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，是找到或沒有找到。
�、躰eed，must的區(qū)別：兩者都是情態(tài)動詞。need本身還有實(shí)義動詞的功能。need的意思是“需要”而must表示主觀上必須要做某事。
⑤street，road的區(qū)別：street指一般城市中的“街道”，“馬路”，旁邊一般要有房子。road“道路”普遍指鄉(xiāng)間的道路，兩側(cè)沒有房子。一般說法是in the street , on the road。
【指點(diǎn)迷津】
教學(xué)活動是師生間的雙邊活動。在教學(xué)過程中，教師的指導(dǎo)作用主要是引導(dǎo)和幫助學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語。要善于根據(jù)學(xué)生的年齡特征采用科學(xué)、有效的教學(xué)方法，排除他們在學(xué)習(xí)上的心理障礙，以調(diào)動他們的主動性和積極性。對學(xué)生的點(diǎn)滴進(jìn)步要及時鼓勵，使他們樹立信心。對學(xué)生在口語實(shí)踐中出現(xiàn)的小錯誤，不要有錯必糾，以免挫傷他們的積極性。
〈本單元語法知識〉：本單元語法知識不多，但實(shí)用性強(qiáng)。
〈1〉表示需要：
①He needs some help.在本句中，need是實(shí)意動詞，后可接賓語。②He need do it like this.在本句中，need是情態(tài)動詞，后必接動詞原形，表示一種意愿。
〈2〉詢問方向和指點(diǎn)方向：
�、買s there a post office near here ?
Where's the nearest hospital , please ?
�、贕o along this road
③Taking the first turning on the right
�、躀t's next to the hospital .
�、軮t's in front of the bus stop .
⑥It's about a hundred metres along on the left .
�、逫t's about six kilometres away .
二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
【學(xué)法指要】
為了幫助學(xué)生鞏固本單元所學(xué)知識，精選出以下幾道不同類型的題僅供參考：
A：We are new here . It's difficult for us 1 different places in the city . We'd better 2 a street map of the city .
題意解析：
1.該句意思是“我們很難找一些不同的地方�！庇⒄Z表現(xiàn)“找；尋找”等概念時，體現(xiàn)動作或結(jié)果的用詞是不同的。表示動作用look for；表示結(jié)果要用find。
2.We'd better是we had better的簡略形式，表示建議或勸告，意思是“最好…”“還是……得好”常用在口語中，后接不帶to的動詞原形。注意：學(xué)習(xí)運(yùn)用該句型應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn)：第一，'d是had的縮寫形式，不是would的縮寫形式；第二，該句型的否定式要在better后加not，第三，had better后接動詞原形。
B. Good idea ! But I can't 3 maps .
A. I'm good at it . Let's get one .
題意解析：
3.漢語中“看”字的意思很豐富，如“看小孩”、“看電視”、“看書（報(bào)）”等。而譯成英語時，卻要用不同的詞來表達(dá)，“看”字的不同含義。“看小孩”英語說look after a child /children；“看電視”，為watch TV，而看書（報(bào)）則是read a book ( a newspaper )。因此，學(xué)習(xí)英語一定要注意其習(xí)慣表達(dá)。
B：First , Let's find a fruit shop . I want to buy some 4 .
A：The map doesn't show us where the fruit shop is . We'd better ask .
B：Excuse me . Is there a fruit shop near here ?
題意解析：
4.fruit“水果”通常作集體名詞，無復(fù)數(shù)形式。當(dāng)fruit作“一種水果”講時，是可數(shù)n.
eg. It's a kind of vegetable , not a fruit .
C：Yes , there is . It's a long this read on the right , about two hundred metres 5 .
B：Thank you very much .
C：You are welcome .
題意解析：
5. about two hundred metres away意思是“約200米遠(yuǎn)”。away在該句中是“距離…多遠(yuǎn)”。
B. Now , 6 the map . Where's the zoo ?
A. Oh , dear . It's far from here . I 7 can walk there .We must 8 .
題意解析：
6. have a look和look都是“看；瞧”的意思。當(dāng)后面接有賓語時，要加介詞at即have a look at …
7.A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)和上句句意不相符。B項(xiàng)漢語意思是“我不知道我們能步行去�！毖酝庵馐俏覀兡懿叫腥�，其含義和上句“很遠(yuǎn)”也不相符。C項(xiàng)“我想我們不能步行去”為正確答案。
8.四項(xiàng)中的答案都是“坐公共汽車”的意思。但是前三項(xiàng)答案均為介詞。介詞短語不能作句子的謂語，在運(yùn)用中要加動詞。
B：What bus do we need ?
A：Well , we need 9 . Look ! The bus stop is on the other side 10 road .
B：Quick ! The bus is coming .
題意解析：
9.該句的意思是“我們需要坐哪路公共汽車？”嗯，我們需要坐8路公共汽車。
10.on the other side of…屬于習(xí)慣用語，意思是“在…另一面／邊，在…對面�！�
1. A. find B. to find C. look for D. to look for
2. A. buy B. to buy C. to get D. to find
3. A. see B. look C. look at D. read
4. A. banana B. pear C. fruit D. fruits
5. A. away B. pear C. near D. along
6. A. have a look B. have a look at C. look D. see
7. A. are sure B. don't know C. think D. don't think
8. A. by bus B. in a bus C. on a bus D. catch a bus
9. A. No.8 the bus B. bus No.8 C. a number 8 bus D. 8 Number bus
10. A. on B. of C. at D. in
【妙文賞析】（思路點(diǎn)撥）
本文是一個發(fā)生在師生之間的小故事，對人物的內(nèi)心刻畫生動，是一篇比較適合學(xué)生閱讀佳作。
“Doing…”the alarm of the clock woke me up . I opened my eyes and looked at the clock . “Oh , my god ! It's seven o'clock ! I'll be late for school again , ” I thought . I jumped out of bed , washed my face , then hurried to school without breakfast . On my way to school , it began to rain hard .
When I got to the door of our classroom , I was all wet and shivering with cold . Our English teacher had already begun his lesson . It was Mr.Wu . He was about fifty years old . I was a little afraid of him . I hesitated for a moment before I pushed the door . 'I am very sorry , Mr.Wu . I am late again , ' I said with a red face .
“It's you again , Xiao Wing ,”Mr.Wu said angrily .“I've told you not to be late , but you…”he suddenly stopped and looked at my wet clothes . He turned to the class and said ,“I'm very sorry , my boys and girls .”With these words he quickly took off his own jacket and quickly handed it to me .“Now take off your wet coat and put this one on or you'll get ill,” he said kindly .
I went to my seat with my teacher's jacket . It was a bit big for me but I felt very warm in it . I found , for me but I felt very warm in it . I found , for the first time , English was so interesting and how well I could understand it !
〈1〉When Xiao Ming got up , it was .
A. seven o'clock
B. six o'clock
C. in the afternoon
D. time for class
〈2〉He When he went to school .
A. ate his breakfast
B. ate some rice
C. didn't eat anything
D. had a cup of milk
〈3〉He was shivering because
A. it was very cold in winter
B. it was raining and he was all wet
C. he got ill
D. he caught a bad cold
〈4〉Mr.Wu was his .
A. Chinese teacher
B. maths teacher
C. old teacher
D. English teacher
〈5〉Xiao Ming was a little afraid of his teacher because his teacher .
A. was strict with his students
B. was often angry at them
C. often hit him on the head
D. was not good to them
【解析】
本題只要認(rèn)真閱讀答案就在原文中，在做本題時應(yīng)先讀題，然后根據(jù)問題去讀短文。
【思維體操】
按照語言學(xué)習(xí)的規(guī)律，學(xué)生必須吸收相當(dāng)數(shù)量的語言材料和經(jīng)過一定量的語言實(shí)踐，才能獲得為交際運(yùn)用英語的能力，因而，從開始就應(yīng)加強(qiáng)聽力訓(xùn)練。教師還應(yīng)逐步引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行不同內(nèi)容的閱讀訓(xùn)練。加強(qiáng)聽讀訓(xùn)練，即能增加吸收語言材料的量、擴(kuò)大知識面，又能加深理解、鞏固所學(xué)語言知識、提高聽、說、讀、寫能力，啟發(fā)興趣和發(fā)展思維能力。
1. What animal is the biggest in the land ?
A. A panda B. A tiger C. An elephant D. A monkey
【提示】
本題需考生要有一定的地理、生物方面的常識。
2. Joan is fourteen . Kate is fourteen , too .
Joan is old Kate .
【提示】
本題要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生聯(lián)句及同意句轉(zhuǎn)換的能力，明確as…as的用法。
3. John is the tallest in his class .
John is any in his class .
【提示】
本題是比較級與最高級轉(zhuǎn)換典型題，應(yīng)注意than后的any other student .
三、智能顯示
【心中有數(shù)】
在英語教學(xué)中，要教給學(xué)生語言、詞匯和語法的基礎(chǔ)知識，加強(qiáng)基本訓(xùn)練，使學(xué)生掌握英語的基本結(jié)構(gòu)。獲得聽、說、讀、寫基本技能和能力。英語教學(xué)要著重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語言、詞匯、語法進(jìn)行聽、說、讀、寫的交際能力。因此，在訓(xùn)練的過程中，不要過多地做語言形式的練習(xí)，要使語言形式與語言意義相聯(lián)系。要使語言形式與學(xué)生的生活實(shí)際相聯(lián)系，從而使言語技能發(fā)展成運(yùn)用語言形式與學(xué)生的生活實(shí)際相聯(lián)系，從而使言語技能發(fā)展成運(yùn)用語言進(jìn)行交際的能力。為此，要結(jié)合學(xué)生的實(shí)際編寫有助于開展交際活動的材料。我們教師應(yīng)做到心中有數(shù)，要設(shè)法結(jié)合學(xué)生生活實(shí)際創(chuàng)造交際活動情景，以增強(qiáng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的興趣，使他們能積極參與言語實(shí)踐活動。
〈1〉怎樣問路與指路
�、貳xcuse me . is the nearest bus stop , please ?
�、贑ould you please me to get to the railway station ?
�、跥o down this street , then right the second crossing .
【動腦動手】
1.“What's the most important thing in the world ? , because it is first in everything and everybody .
A. The letter E
B. The letter V
C. It's man
D. I don't know
【提示】
本題是一道智力題，但只要同日常生活相連，就不難做出回答。
2. She prepares food in the kitchen for the students everyday . She has to go shopping in the mornring . She is a .
A. farmer B. soldier C. doctor D. cook
【提示】
本題是一道生活常識與語言知識相結(jié)合的一道綜合題。
3. Is twenty divided by four more than twenty divided by five ?
A. Yes , Five is more than four .
B. No , four is more than five .
C. No , It's just the same .
D. No , I don't think so .
【分析】
本題是一道融知識性與趣味性于一體的綜合題。既要懂得be divided by的用法，同時還要進(jìn)行數(shù)字的比較及計(jì)算。
【創(chuàng)新園地】
�。ㄒ唬⿻姹磉_(dá)
It took Tom many months to save up seven pounds . He wanted to buy a new model plane and meat to the shop with the money .
On the way , John saw a little boy crying on a corner of the street .“Why are you crying ?”John asked .
“These big boys took away four pounds just now ,”the boy said .“I was on my way to buy some exercise-books , but I can't .”
John thought of the seven pounds in his pocket . He thought of the model plane and the poor boy .
John fet happy . Do you know why ? He was happy because the little boy was happy .
【分析】
本篇文章既通俗易懂，又不乏趣味，但要有次序閱讀，其體材為記敘文。
（二）交際配伍
�。� ）1.Who's on duty ? A. I am
�。� ）2.What day was yesterday ? B. You're welcome
（ ）3.What's the time ? C. Nothing much
�。� ）4.Thank you for lending me stamps D. It was Tuesday
（ ）5.What are you going to do tomorrow ? E. Certainly ! What is it ?
（ ）6.May I ask you a questions ? F. It's seven thirty .
�。ㄈ┭a(bǔ)全對話
A：Look at these people 1 the boats !
B：Yes! They're having a time .
A：Do English people like ?
B：Yes , many people like it . And 4 are very good 5 it .
A：Look! What 6 that boat look like ?
B：It 7 like a chicken . But I 8 think chickens can swim !
A：No , it's a 9 , not a chicken . Oh , we are near to the 10 . Do you wait to go there and see the animals ?
B：Yes , I'd love to . Let's go .
答案
二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
【學(xué)法指要】
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.D 8.D 9.C 10.D
【妙文賞析】
1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.A
【思維體操】
1.C 2.as…as 3.taller then other student
三、智能顯示
【心中有數(shù)】
1.Where 2.tell , the way 3.turn , at
【動手動腦】
1.A 2.D 3.A
【創(chuàng)新園地】
（二）交際配伍
1.A 2.D 3.F 4.B 5.C 6.E
�。ㄈ┭a(bǔ)全對話
1.in 2.good 3. boating 4.they 5.at 6.does 7.looks 8.don't 9.duck 10.zoo