學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：表示對(duì)當(dāng)前發(fā)生的事情做出推測(cè)和判斷學(xué)會(huì)做出推測(cè)和判斷。
一、詞匯
author 作家
toy 玩具
picnic 野餐
symphony 交響樂(lè)
optometrist 驗(yàn)光師
count 計(jì)，算
garbage 垃圾
pretend 裝作
chase 追逐，追趕
algebra 數(shù)學(xué)，代數(shù)學(xué)
appointment 約會(huì)，約定
crucial 關(guān)鍵的，致關(guān)重要的
二、詞組
1. belong to 屬于
2. hair band 發(fā)帶
3. because of 因?yàn)?/p>
4. Chinese-English Dictionary 漢英詞典
5. Oxford University 牛津大學(xué)
6. use up 用光、用完
7. the only kid 獨(dú)生子，唯一的孩子
8. classical music 古典音樂(lè)
9. make guesses 做出猜測(cè)
10. outside our window 在窗子外面
11. no more 不再
12. escape from 逃離
13. be careful of 留神、當(dāng)心
三、日常用語(yǔ)
1. Whose volleyball is this?
It must be Carla’s. She loves volleyball.
2. Whose French book is this?
It could be Ali’s. She studies French.
3. Whose guitar is this?
It might belong to Alice. She plays the guitar.
4. Whose T-shirt is this?
It can’t be John’s. It’s much too small for him.
四、知識(shí)講解
Section A：
1.If you have any idea where it might be, please call me.
If you have any idea... = If you know... 意為“如果你知道……”。
any用于if引導(dǎo)的條件從句中，有“若干的，有多少”的意思。例如：
If you have any time I’d like to talk with you.
如果你有(些許)時(shí)間，我希望與你談?wù)劇?/p>
2. no more 與not …any more的區(qū)別
二者都表示“不再”，“再?zèng)]有”的含義,但no more要用在談數(shù)量或程度時(shí)，not …any more用在說(shuō)時(shí)間時(shí)。 例如：
There is no more bread. 沒(méi)有面包了。(指數(shù)量)
He’s no more genius than I am. 他和我都不是天才。(指程度)
He doesn’t live here any more. 他不住在這里了。(指時(shí)間)
3. I think I dropped it during the concert so it might still be in the symphony hall.
during是介詞，意為“在……期間”，其后跟時(shí)間段。在引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)注意區(qū)分和for的用法。介詞for引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，很易和during混淆不清。它們的區(qū)別如下：
(1)during用在已知的時(shí)期、節(jié)日或表示時(shí)間觀念的名詞之前。其后通常接the、this、that、these、those、my、your、his……等詞。例如：
during the last four days
during the winter
during that time
during my holidays
during our stay in Japan
而for則用以表示“有限的”或“無(wú)限的”時(shí)間概念，通常其后接冠詞、數(shù)詞，復(fù)數(shù)名詞或副詞ever。例如：
for the first time
for two months
for many years
for years
for ever
(2)during的涵義是“當(dāng)……之際”,它既可指某個(gè)動(dòng)作在某個(gè)時(shí)期里連續(xù)不斷地進(jìn)行，也可以指某個(gè)動(dòng)作在這段時(shí)期里的某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生。例如：
It snowed all day but stopped snowing during that night．
下了一整天雪，到晚上才停了。
而for的涵義是指某個(gè)動(dòng)作在某個(gè)時(shí)期里處于連續(xù)不斷的狀態(tài)。例如：
They worked for the whole day． 他們干了一整天。
在某些場(chǎng)合下，for含有“預(yù)先安排”或“為了某一目的”之涵義。表示此意味時(shí)，大都和come、go、stay、lend、rent、hire等詞連用。例如：
They will stay with us for the New Year．他們將和我們?cè)谝黄�，共度新年�?/p>
Section B：
(一)However, these days, strange things are happening in our neighbourhood and everyone is unhappy.
然而，最近在我們附近卻在發(fā)生一些奇怪的事情，并且每個(gè)人都不高興。
1. however是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞，表示“然而，可是”的意思，與but的意義相同，但however是較正式的說(shuō)法。例如：
I know how to pronounce this English word, however I can’t write it.
我知道怎么讀這個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞，但是我不知道怎么寫。
2. these days意為“最近，近來(lái)，近幾天。”
3. unhappy是happy的反義詞。unhappy是一個(gè)合成詞，由un+happy組合而成。
我們常用的在詞前加前綴變?yōu)槠浞戳x詞的有：
前 綴 例 詞 派生詞
un-“不” happy unhappy
like unlike
grateful ungrateful
friendly unfriendly
lucky unlucky
(二)My parents called the police, but they can’t find anything strange.
我的父母親報(bào)了警，但他們也沒(méi)能發(fā)現(xiàn)奇怪的東西。
(1)the police可以看作為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意思是“警察、警方”。
但如果指一個(gè)警員，就要用a policeman或a policewoman。
(2)can’t在本句中，不表示“推斷”，而表示“能力”。
(三)In my dream, I was swimming in an ocean of paper.在我的夢(mèng)中，我浸泡在數(shù)不盡的試卷中。
(in)an ocean of, 或(in)oceans of是介詞短語(yǔ)，口語(yǔ)中常用，意為“極多的，用不盡的”。在of后接不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式均可。例如：
He thinks he has oceans of time. 他認(rèn)為他有用不盡的時(shí)間。
語(yǔ)法：表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。
在英語(yǔ)中，表示對(duì)某件事物的確定程度，即表示推測(cè)的時(shí)候，我們通常會(huì)用到以下情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，must, might, could, may, can’t, couldn’t.
一. can和could的區(qū)別和用法
1．can表示體力和腦力方面的能力，或根據(jù)客觀條件能做某種動(dòng)作的“能力”。例如：
Can you speak English？
What can I do for you？
Can you make a cake？
can用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)有時(shí)表示說(shuō)話人的 “猜測(cè)”或 “不肯定”。例如：
Where can he be？
Can the news be true？
(在日常會(huì)話中，can可代替may表示“允許”，may比較正式)
2. could 是 can的過(guò)去式，表示過(guò)去有過(guò)的能力和可能性，還有懷疑和不肯定的意思(在否定和疑問(wèn)句中)。例如：
The doctor said he could help him．(能力)
She couldn't skate when she was five years old. (能力)
At that time we thought the story could be true．(可能性)
could用來(lái)提問(wèn)，是有禮貌的請(qǐng)求 Could.... Please? 語(yǔ)氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)。例如：
Could I speak to Mr. Smith, please?
Could you help us carry this box, please?
二. 跟上組詞一樣, might也是may的過(guò)去式,其用法如下:
1. may的用法:
a. 表示”允許”或”請(qǐng)求”。 例如：
May I come in？
在使用這一用法時(shí)需注意: may表示“允許”的否定形式是must not，意思是“不應(yīng)該”“不許可”。例如：
-May I take this book out of the reading-room？
-No，you mustn't．不行。
b. 表示說(shuō)話人的猜測(cè)，認(rèn)為某一事情”或許”或”可能”發(fā)生。例如：
He may know the answer．
Tomorrow I may go shopping．
c. may用在感嘆句中可表示祝愿、愿望。例如：
May you succeed．(祝你成功。)
May you have a pleasant journey．(一路平安。)
2. might的用法:
a. might可以代替may，表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，但語(yǔ)氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)客氣或更加不肯定。例如：
He might not come today．
Might I take a suggestion？
b. might用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間時(shí)，還可表示”規(guī)勸”。例如：
You might pay more attention to spoken English．
三. must與have to的區(qū)別
have to比較強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要，must著重說(shuō)明主觀看法。另外have to能用于更多時(shí)態(tài)，比較下面的句子：
We had to be there at ten．我們得在十點(diǎn)鐘到那里。
We'll have to reconsider the whole thing．這一切我將不得不重新加以考慮。
有時(shí)兩者都可以用，意思差別不大。例如：
We must have to leave now．我們得走了。
must在表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)事物的推測(cè)時(shí)候要注意它比may肯定得多，相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的“一定”或“準(zhǔn)是”。(只有在肯定句中能這樣用。)
This must be your room．
There must be a mistake．
在回答由must引起的問(wèn)題時(shí)，如果是否定的答復(fù)，不能用mustn't，而需要用needn't或don't have to，因?yàn)閙ustn't是“一定不要”的意思。例如：
-Must we hand in our exercises today？
-No，you needn't．
must not的否定形式則表示“不應(yīng)該”或‘不許可”，語(yǔ)氣比較強(qiáng)烈。例如：
You mustn't play on the road．
You mustn't eat anything until you see the doctor．
練習(xí)檢測(cè)：
一、單項(xiàng)選擇
1. --- Can you swim in the river?
--- No, I _____.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
2. --- Ｍay I go swimming now?
--- No, you ______. You must finish your homework first.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. couldn’t D. needn’t
3. --- Excuse me. Where is the zoo?
--- Sorry, I don’t know. Ask that policeman. He _____ know.
A. shall B. may C. need D. would
4. __________ I finish the work today? No, you needn’t.
A. Must B. May C. Can D. Need
5. --- Must I finish my homework now?
--- No, you _________. You may have a rest first.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. may not D. needn’t
6. --- Tom, where is your father?
--- I’m not sure. He_______ in his office.
A. is B. may be C. maybe D. may
7. ---______________I visit Lucy on Sunday, Mum?
---Yes, you______________.
A. Must；can B. May；may C. Need；need D. May；need
8. --- Where is Tom?
--- He hasn't come to school today. I think he________ be ill.
A. has to B. should C. may D. need
9. --- Can you fly a kite?
--- No, I _____.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. couldn’t
10. This book _____ Lucy’s. Look! Her name is on the book cover.
A. must be B. may be C. can’t be D. mustn’t be
二、填空（用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。）
(1) --- Why isn't Jim here?
--- He's busy. He (take) care of his aunt's baby at home now.
(2) --- What's Mr. Clarke going to do tomorrow?
--- He'll go fishing if it (not rain).
(3) Linda (make) a lot of friends since she came here last autumn.
(4) --- Did Jack finish (clean) the house this morning?
--- Yes, he did.
(5) --- Have you heard of the Great Wall, Mr. Read?
--- Yes, I have. It's a place of great interest in China.
It (build) thousands of years ago.
三、選擇最佳答語(yǔ)補(bǔ)全對(duì)話
Miss Wu : Can I help you?
Li Gang : Yes, I'd like to return this book, please.
Miss Wu : (1).
Li Gang : No, I couldn't read it. I had a hard time reading a few pages, and then I decided to give up.
Miss Wu : (2).
Li Gang : It wasn't the language. It was the words. They are too small for me.
Miss Wu : (3).What can I do for you then?
Li Gang : Well, I'd be glad if you could find me another book.
Miss Wu : (4).
Li Gang : Yes, but one with bigger words.
Miss Wu : (5).
Li Gang : Oh, Oliver Twist. This one is fine. And the words are much bigger. Thank you very much.
Miss Wu : You're welcome.
A. What about this one?
B. You can't keep the book for long.
C. Another English storybook?
D. Isn't it interesting?
E. Oh? But I know you are good at English.
F. Did you enjoy the book?
G. Yes, they are really small.
四、閱讀理解
Once Effendi had a joke with the Prime Minister (宰相). He said that the Minister would die the next day. The next day, the Minister fell to the ground from the horse and really died. When the king learned this, he got angry and sent his men to catch Effendi at once.
When Effendi was brought to him, the king shouted angrily, “Effendi, since (既然) you knew when my Minister would die, you must know the date of your own death (死) . Say it out, or you’ll die today.”Effendi looked at the king for a while. Then he answered, “But how can I know? I’ll die two days earlier than you.”The king was afraid that if he killed Effendi, he himself would die after that. He thought he must keep Effendi alive (活著) as long as possible, so he let Effendi go.
(1)This story tells us .
A. how Effendi fooled (愚弄) the king
B. when the king would die
C. why the Minister died
D. Effendi knew the dates of everyone’s death
(2)The prime Minister died because .
A. Effendi killed him B. Effendi said he would die
C. He was badly ill D. He fell of the horse
(3)Why did the king ask Effendi to tell him the date of Effendi’s own death?
A. Because the king wanted to know when he himself would die.
B. Because the wanted to find an excuse to kill Effendi.
C. Because he himself had known the date of Effendi’s death.
D. Because he wanted to know when Effendi would die.
(4)The king let Effendi go because .
A. he hoped to live a long life B. he was afraid of Effendi
C. he didn’t believe (相信) Effendi’s words
D. He knew he would die two days later
(5)Which of the following is not true?
A. Effendi played a joke on the Minister B. The king was afraid of death.
C. Effendi didn’t know when the king would die.
D. If the king killed Effendi, he himself would die two days later.
答案及解析
一、
1. 選C。問(wèn)句中的can詢問(wèn)“能力”的問(wèn)句意為“你能在河里游泳嗎？”如果能，則答Yes, I can；如果不能，則答No, I can’t此題選Ｃ。
2. 選A。May開頭的問(wèn)句是“請(qǐng)求許可”的問(wèn)句意為“我可以現(xiàn)在去游泳嗎？”如果允許，答句是Yes, you may。如果不允許，答句是No, you can’t。如果表示“強(qiáng)烈的”不允許，“決不能”，則答句是No, you mustn’t。此題意為“現(xiàn)在”你“決不能”去游泳，應(yīng)該先完成作業(yè)。因此選Ａ。
3. 選B。此題考查學(xué)生對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法的掌握情況。題中的情景是問(wèn)路，而被問(wèn)者并不知道去公園的路，建議問(wèn)路人去問(wèn)警察，說(shuō)警察可能知道。最后一句說(shuō)的是一種可能性。
4. 選A�？疾榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞must的用法�？忌e(cuò)解的原因在于沒(méi)有掌握它的用法。
5. 選D。此題考查知識(shí)點(diǎn)為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must的用法。考生錯(cuò)解的原因在于沒(méi)有掌握must引起的一般疑問(wèn)句的否定回答。
6. 選B。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may后接動(dòng)詞原型“be”，表示一種可能性或推測(cè)。
7. 選B。此題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。may用于征求對(duì)方的意見。請(qǐng)注意may的這一用法。
8. 選C。本題主要考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。湯姆今天沒(méi)來(lái)上學(xué)，他可能是生病了，也有別的可能。所以只能是一種推測(cè)。故應(yīng)選C。
9. 選C。
10. 選A。must be與may be 都表示推測(cè)，must be表示“一定是、準(zhǔn)是”；may be 表示“可能是”，相比之下must be 的把握性更大些。
二、
(1)is taking
(2)doesn't rain
(3)has made
(4)cleaning
(5)was built
三、
(1)F，你喜歡嗎？
(2)E，哦？據(jù)我所知，你英語(yǔ)很棒！
(3)G，是的，確實(shí)很小
(4)C，還是英語(yǔ)故事書？(上文提到是英文書)
(5)A，這本好嗎？
四、ADBAD