Word study:
1.motivation n.動(dòng)機(jī)，積極性
eg The stronger the motivation, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language.
一個(gè)人學(xué)外語(yǔ)的內(nèi)在要求越高, 那么他就學(xué)得越快。
motive n. 動(dòng)機(jī)；目的 adj.起動(dòng)的；發(fā)動(dòng)的
eg His motive for working so hard is that he needs money.
他這么賣命干的目的在于他需要錢。
I have to warn you that his motives have lain hidden.
我不得不提醒你他的動(dòng)機(jī)還不明。
The motive power of trains is usually steam or electricity.
火車的動(dòng)力通常是蒸汽或電。
motivate vt. -vated, -vating 引起動(dòng)機(jī)；促起；激發(fā)
eg to motivate the child to learn new words激勵(lì)小孩子學(xué)習(xí)新詞
Examinations can motivate a student to seek more knowledge.
考試能夠促進(jìn)學(xué)生尋求更多知識(shí)。
2.memorise 記住 （亦作： memorize）
eg He memorized the list of dates, but neglected the main facts.
他記住了日期，卻忽略了主要事實(shí)。
memory n.-ries 記憶力,回憶
eg Grandmother has a good memory；she can remember things which happened many years ago.
I had happy memories of my school.
speak from memory ...根據(jù)記憶而講述
eg This has been the hottest summer within my memory.
就我所記得的, 這是最熱的一個(gè)夏天。
He has a bad memory for dates.他對(duì)日期的記憶很差。
It brought back to me memories of my schooldays（=It reminded me of my schooldays）.它使我回想起我的學(xué)生時(shí)代。
bear [have, keep] in memory 記著, 沒有忘記
beyond [within] the memory of man [men] 在有史以前[來(lái)]
bring back [call] to memory 使想起
come to one's memory 想起, 清醒過(guò)來(lái)
in memory of 紀(jì)念...
memorial n.(=monument)紀(jì)念物； 紀(jì)念碑；紀(jì)念儀式;歷史記載
adj.記憶的; 紀(jì)念的; 追悼的
memorials of a past age一個(gè)昔日的歷史記錄
The Monument(Memorial) to the People’s Heroes人民英雄紀(jì)念碑
3．stick n. 枯枝，棍，手杖 a walking stick 一根拐杖
條狀物 a stick of chalk 一支粉筆
v. (stuck, stuck, sticking)
①（常與in, into, through連用）（把尖 物）插入，刺入，戳入
to stick a fork into a potato
用叉子叉上馬鈴薯
I stuck a needle into the cloth.
我把一根針扎進(jìn)布里。
②（與in, into, on連用）粘�。毁N住
I stuck a stamp on the letter.
我把一張郵票貼在信上。
③附著；固著
The wheels of the car stuck in the mud and we could not go on.
車輪陷入泥里，我們不能前進(jìn)了。
④放，置
Stick the chair in the corner.
將椅子置于墻角。
⑤（與at連用）繼續(xù)努力做
If you want to play an instrument well, you’ve got to stick at it.
如果你想練好一種樂器，你必須持之以恒。
此外還有：
伸出，突出 stick out one’s arm伸出手臂
stick out above the water突出水面
使停止，阻塞 be stuck in/by…被困…
容忍，忍受 I can’t stick it any more.我再也忍受不了了。
堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)守 stick to stick to a post 堅(jiān)守崗位
stick to one’s word 遵守諾言
4. acquire v. =to get as one’s own; to gain (usu., by one’s own efforts) 常指經(jīng)過(guò)自己的努力而獲得,得到
=form, learn 養(yǎng)成，學(xué)到
eg. After years of hard work, he acquired a lot of money.
經(jīng)過(guò)幾年的艱苦勞動(dòng)，他賺了不少錢。
She has acquired a habit of using colorful words.
使用華麗辭藻已成了她的習(xí)慣。
an acquired taste養(yǎng)成的愛好
acquisition n. (知識(shí)、技能等的)獲得，得到；購(gòu)得物
acquisitive adj. 貪婪的，渴求獲取財(cái)物的
5．instruct vt. =teach, give orders，inform 指示，命令,告知，通知
instruct sb in sth.
instruct sb.(wh-…) to do sth
instruct sb. that…/ sb. be instructed that…
eg. He instructs his pupils in mathematics.
他教學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)。
You will be instructed where to go as soon as the plane is ready.
飛機(jī)一準(zhǔn)備好就會(huì)通知你去何處。
instruction n.用法說(shuō)明，指示， 命令，（計(jì)算機(jī)）指令
adj. an instruction book說(shuō)明書
instructional adj. 教學(xué)的，教育的 ～ materials教材
instructive adj. 富有教益的，增長(zhǎng)知識(shí)的
instructor n. 教練，導(dǎo)師
6. academic adj. 學(xué)院的, 理論的；學(xué)術(shù)的
eg academic year學(xué)年 academic rank學(xué)銜 academic degree 學(xué)位
academic research 學(xué)術(shù)研究
n.(C) 大學(xué)教師, 大學(xué)生; 學(xué)會(huì)會(huì)員; 學(xué)究式人物
academy n.(C) -mies學(xué)會(huì)
the Royal Academy皇家學(xué)會(huì);學(xué)院；高等專科學(xué)校
an academy of music音樂學(xué)院
university n(C) （綜合）大學(xué) Oxford University牛津大學(xué)
college n(C) （綜合大學(xué)中的）學(xué)院,獨(dú)立的）學(xué)院,高等�？茖W(xué)校
a college of agriculture農(nóng)學(xué)院
evening college夜大學(xué)
institute n(C)學(xué)院; (大專)學(xué)校;
7. adopt vt. =to accept and use a suggestion, habit, etc. of
sb. else 采納，接受
=to take sb else’s child into your family and become its legal parent(s)收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)
eg. We are willing to adopt your plan.
我們?cè)敢獠杉{你的計(jì)劃。
Some people adopted a wait-and-see policy in this matter.
在這件事上有些人采取了觀望(wait-and-see)的態(tài)度。
She was forced to have her baby adopted.
她被迫把嬰兒給人領(lǐng)養(yǎng)。
The child was adopted into a wealthy family and received a good education.
這孩子被一個(gè)有錢人家收養(yǎng)，并受到了良好的教育。
adopted adj. 收養(yǎng)的, 移居的 their adopted son他們的養(yǎng)子
adoption n. 收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)； 采用；推選
put sb. up for adoption 提出讓人收養(yǎng)某人
the adoption of new technology新技術(shù)的采用
adoptive adj. 收養(yǎng)的，有收養(yǎng)關(guān)系的
8. operation n 操作;【醫(yī)】手術(shù);運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)
be in operation在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中; 在行動(dòng)中; 在實(shí)施中; 在生效中
come into operation開始工作[運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)];生效
go into operation開始工作[運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)];生效
perform an operation on sb. for a disease因某種病給某人動(dòng)手術(shù)
9. broaden: vi. / vt. =(to cause to) become broad or broader 使擴(kuò)大, 使寬闊
=to increase your knowledge, experience, etc 增長(zhǎng)（知識(shí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)等）
eg. broaden one’s horizons 打開眼界，拓寬視野
Travel broadens the mind. 旅行使人開闊心胸(眼界)。
The river broadens (out) at this point. 這條河到這里開始變寬。
Her smile broadened. 她笑得更加燦爛了。
“adj./n. +en→v.”使變得…
類似詞語(yǔ)： deepen, thicken, sweeten, straighten, quicken, brighten， darken, soften, harden, widen, shorten, sharpen, lengthen, strengthen
10．a(chǎn)ppropriate adj. =correct or suitable適當(dāng)?shù)模?合適的
常和for, to 連用。
Vt. =to set aside for some purpose撥出（款項(xiàng)）,盜用，挪用
eg. He made a speech appropriate to the occasion. 她作了個(gè)適宜該場(chǎng)合的演講。
Jeans are not appropriate for a formal party. 正式聚會(huì)上穿牛仔褲是不合適的。
Now that the problem has been identified, appropriate action can be taken.
現(xiàn)在既已找出問題的癥結(jié)，即可采取適當(dāng)?shù)男袆?dòng)。
inappropriate opp.不適合的
appropriateness n.
appropriately adv.
eg. Five million dollars has been appropriated for research into the disease.
已撥款五百萬(wàn)元用于這種疾病的研究。
He was accused of appropriating club funds.他被指控盜用俱樂部資金。
Reading: Learning a foreign language: twice as hard
Lead in: ① How are they learning English?
② Tick out the ways you learn English & tell reasons
1 ( )memorize the words.
2 ( )learn grammar rules
3 ( )talk with your classmate
4 ( )have a dictation
5 ( )listen to the tape
6 ( )learn English songs
7 ( )watch English films
8 ( )talk to foreigner
9 ( )reading stories
10( )practise writing English
③ What difficulties in learning English you face?
Fast reading: 1 How do we learn our native language?
2 How can we make sense of what we learn and distinguish the mistakes ?
3 What are the difference between mother tongue and foreign language?
4 What are the characteristics of a successful learner? How does he learn
foreign language?
5 What is important? Why?
Careful reading:
I. Say F or M on p68.
II. Tell the sentences true or false
1. Everyday activities and interactions with other people are important when children are learning their mother tongue.
2. If we want to become successful language learner, we should try to learn all by ourselves.
3. If we could spend all our waking hours communicating with native speakers we would make greater progress in English.
4. We learn our mother tongue much faster than we do a foreign language.
5. If we want to become successful language learners, we must first build our confidence and develop our study skills.
6. Although experts don’t agree each other, they all share a common opinion : Life is a very successful language school.
7. We study our mother tongue all day long for about 5 years before we master it. But we only spend a few hours a week and in a few years’ time we can speak a foreign language.
8. Successful language learners usually step away from the academic challenges.
9. The less anxious and more relaxed the learner, the worse their language acquisition.
II. Reading comprehension ：
1. Most children have mastered their mother tongue.
A. at the age of five
B. by the age of eight
C. before they are five
D. since they were five
2. The sentence “Life is a very successful language school” means .
A. we are equipped with a special ability to learn language
B. the key to learn the language well is to communicate with the people around us
C. parents can give children language lessons
D. people can learn the language by themselves
3. In fact, we learn English much faster than we may have thought because ________.
A. A lot of people are born with a special ability to learn a foreign language.
B. English learning always takes place in class.
C. Communicating with people often takes too much time.
D. We can get a lot of help and the learning is more efficient.
4. The text tells us that successful language learners______.
A. spend as many hours studying English as they do their mother tongue.
B. always have different plans for their learning
C. want very much to become translators and interpreters.
D. are usually very impatient in learning a language.
5. From the text we can see _______.
A. The stronger the motivation is, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language.
B. Interest, curiosity, willingness and confidence are more important than anything else.
C. We’ll find it easier to learn English if we can learn something from successful language learners.
D. Both B and C.
6. Successful language learners do share the following characteristics except .
A. the ability to memorize the words
B. an interest in understanding their own thinking
C. willingness to take chances
D. confidence in their ability
7. What’s the purpose of writing this article?
A. Learning a foreign language is twice as hard as learning our mother tongue.
B. Learning a foreign language is more important than learning our mother tongue.
C. Learning a foreign language is twice as easy if we develop our study skills.
D. In fact, the number of people learning a foreign language has increased with years.
Answers: 1.T F T F T T T F F 2. C B D B D A C
Post-reading:
What are the differences between learning the first and second language?
What makes you a successful learner?
What’s the main idea of each paragraph?
What’s the purpose of writing the passage?
Language points
1．I spend hours on English every day, but I don’t feel I’m making any progress. (P66)
progress n.前進(jìn), 進(jìn)行, 進(jìn)展，進(jìn)步, 上進(jìn); 發(fā)展; 改進(jìn); 【生】發(fā)育, 進(jìn)化
eg The building of the house is in progress .房子在建造中。
vi.前進(jìn), 進(jìn)行, 進(jìn)步; 進(jìn)展; 發(fā)達(dá), 發(fā)展
eg The work is progressing steadily.工作正在扎實(shí)地進(jìn)行。
相關(guān)短語(yǔ)： in progress在進(jìn)行中, 在舉行
make progress in在...方面取得進(jìn)步[進(jìn)展]
make progress towards朝著...(目標(biāo))前進(jìn)
make progress with把...向前推進(jìn); 在...(方面)取得進(jìn)展, 進(jìn)行
2. Some believe that we are equipped with a special ability to learn language and that our brain adjusts itself to the language we hear around us. (P67 Para2)有人認(rèn)為，我們具有學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的特殊能力，而且我們的大腦會(huì)自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)接受我們聽到的身邊的語(yǔ)言。
1) equip vt. =to provide oneself, or another with what is necessary for doing sth. / to make able /fit/prepared “裝備，配備” 常與with 或for 連用。
eg. The reading-room is not equipped with air-conditioning.
閱覽室里沒有裝空調(diào)。
The soldiers were equipped with the latest weapons.
這些士兵配備了新式武器。
Your education will equip you for your future life.
你所受到的教育將使你具備未來(lái)生活的能力。
The hospital is well equipped. / This is a well-equipped hospital. 這家醫(yī)院設(shè)備齊全。
注：equip 賓語(yǔ)必須是被裝備的對(duì)象而非裝備物。
equipment n. U裝備，設(shè)備，設(shè)備，器材
n. C 可表示各種設(shè)備
eg. The equipment of his lab took time and money.
裝備他的實(shí)驗(yàn)室需要時(shí)間和金錢。
The workers carried most of their equipment on their backs. 工人們把大部分設(shè)備背在背上。
Military equipments were sent to the front.
軍事設(shè)備被送往前線。
注：一件設(shè)備 a piece of equipment
兩件設(shè)備 two pieces of equipment
equipment 偶爾有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但不可說(shuō)two / several / some equipments。
類似短語(yǔ)： be furnished with be supplied with
be provided with be fitted with
be burdened with be loaded with
be crowded / packed with be covered with
be filled with
2) adjust vt. / vi. = to change sth slightly, esp because it is not in the right position調(diào)節(jié)，調(diào)整
=to get (sb) used to new conditions or a new situation （使）適應(yīng)
adjust sth
adjust sth to
adjust (oneself / itself) to
be adjusted
eg. My watch needs adjusting. I will adjust it. 我的表需要調(diào)節(jié)。我要把它調(diào)一下。
These desks and seats can be adjusted to the heights of any child. 這些桌椅可以按孩子的身高進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。
She found it hard to adjust to working at night. 她發(fā)現(xiàn)很難適應(yīng)夜間工作。
The body will soon adjust itself to the climate. 身體很快會(huì)適應(yīng)新氣候的。
同義詞： adapt oneself to 使自己適應(yīng)……
adapt one’s thinking to the new condition 使自己的思想適應(yīng)新的情況
adapt sth. for a particular use 使某物適合某一特殊用途
3． in other words (P67Para3) in a word in words with the words
have a word with sb. have words with