一.相關(guān)概念
1.名詞：表示人或事物的名稱的詞叫名詞。
2.名詞的句法作用：名詞在句中主要作主語(yǔ)、賓 語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。另外還可以作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。
3.名詞性從句：在英語(yǔ)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來(lái)該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)，由一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng),這個(gè)句子就叫名詞性從句。
4.名詞性從句的種類：
根據(jù)名詞性從句在句子中所充當(dāng)?shù)牟煌煞?名詞性從句可以分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。
1. 主語(yǔ)從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)成分
1) That he will succeed is certain .
2) Whether he will go there is not known .
3) What he said is not true .
4) Where he hid the money is to be found out .
5) Whoever comes is welcome.
6) It’s certain that he will succeed .
7) How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.
8) When they’ll start the project has not been decided yet.
注意點(diǎn)
whether可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,但if不能.
為避免主語(yǔ)冗長(zhǎng),句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)從句放在后面作真正的主語(yǔ),
It 的用法： （形式主語(yǔ)）
It’s possible/important/necessary/clear/true that……很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…
It’ said/ reported that..據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道…
It’s been announced/declared that..已經(jīng)通知/宣布…
It seems/appears/happens that…顯然、明顯、 碰巧..
It’s no wonder that…并不奇怪/無(wú)疑…
It’s a fact /a common knowledge (眾所周知) / a common saying that.（俗話說(shuō)）
It doesn’t matter whether…
2. 賓語(yǔ)從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)成分（ 可以作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞、不定式等非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)）
連詞：that, whether，if （ that �？墒÷裕﹚ho, what, which, whoever, whatever , when , where, why, how
1). They know that the habit will kill them.
2).It all depends on whether they will support us .
3) He asked how much I paid for the violin.
4).He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job .
5).I find it necessary that we should do the homework.
注意點(diǎn)
1).whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句
a..當(dāng)whether后緊跟or not時(shí),不用if.
eg: I don’t know whether I will stay or not.
b.介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句不能用if.
eg: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.
2).that在賓語(yǔ)從句中的省略與保留
a.在主+謂+it(形式賓語(yǔ))+賓補(bǔ)+that從句(真正賓語(yǔ)) 的句型中不省略.
eg: We must make it clear that we mean what we say.
b.由連詞and連接的兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中,第二個(gè)that 不省略.
eg: He told me（ that） he would come and that he would come on time.
3. 表語(yǔ)從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)成分，一般放在連系動(dòng)詞之后. 作用：對(duì)主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明
連接詞：that / whether /as if /as though（ if 不引導(dǎo) 表語(yǔ)從句)
連接代詞：who / whom / whose / which / what
連接副詞：when / where / why / how / because
The question is whether we can rely on him.
That’s because we were in need of money at that time .
He looked as if he was going to cry .
That’s why I was late .
另外，在名詞性從句中，我們還須特別注意以下問(wèn)題：
填空:1.The reason why we didn't trust him is that he has often lied．
2.The reason that he gave for his absent is that he was ill.
reason 后面的表語(yǔ)從句只能用that 引導(dǎo), 不能用why 引導(dǎo), 但reason后面的定語(yǔ)從句可以用why 或者that 引導(dǎo)。
在表語(yǔ)從句中，表“是否” 時(shí)，只能用 “whether”不能用“If”。
一般情況下，“that”不能省。
It is /was because ….
It is /was why….
The reason (why…/for…)is /was that….
The reason is because /why是錯(cuò)誤的
4．同位語(yǔ)從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名詞（ idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ； problem ；news 等）后面，對(duì)名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明.
同位語(yǔ)從句常用 that 引導(dǎo)或用連接副詞when / where/why / how / whether
1) The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people .
2) Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them .
3).Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness
合成句子：.
1．Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.
The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.
2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night.
We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China
3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./ Many British parents hold the view.
.Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldn’t spend too much time online.
4Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for the idea.
There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible
5.Chinese students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.
The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.
.用if 或whether 填空
1. I don’t know whether /if I’ll be free tomorrow.
2. I don’t know whether or not I’ll be free tomorrow.
3. The question is whether this book is worth writing.
4. It depends on whether we will have enough money.
5. Whether they can do it matters little to us.
6. Whether you are not free tomorrow ,I’ll go without you..
whether 和if有是否的意義，在賓語(yǔ)從句中二者通�？梢曰Q。主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句只能用whether，不能用if ；后面緊跟 or not 時(shí), 用whether
Choose the best answer
1.They expressed the hope ___they would come over to China.
A. which B. that C. whom D. when
2.The fact___ he didn’t see Tom yesterday is true.
A. that B. which C. when D. what
3.I have no idea ____he will come back.
A. where B. when C. what D. that
4.The news ___ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false.
A. that B. when C. what D. how
5.One of the men held the view ___ the book said was right.
A. what that B. that which
C. that what D. which that
6.Word has come ___ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.
A. what B. whether C. that D. which
7.The question is ____the film is worth seeing.
A. if B. what C. whether D. how
8.They received orders _____ the work be done at once.
A .which B. when C. / D .that
9.The reason ____ I have to go is ____ my mother is ill in bed.
A .why; why B. why; because
C. why ; that D. that; because
10. ___ I can’t understand is ___ she wants to change her mind.
A. What; why B. Which; how
C. That; why D. What; because
11. ____ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.
A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if
12. It is known to us ___ where there is pollution, there is harm.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
13. I have the information ____.
A. of what he’ll come soon B. that he’ll come soon
C. of that he’ll come soon D. his coming soon
14. --- I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.
--- ____ it made me nearly mad.
A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break
15.It remains a question ____ we can get so much money in such a short time.
A.how B. that C. when D. what
16.--- Can I help you?
--- Yes, do you know ____?
A. when comes the bus B. when will come the bus
C. when does the bus come D. when the bus comes
17. He made a promise ___ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.
A. that B. if C. what D. that if
18. They lost their way in the forest and ____ made matters worse was ___ night began to fall.
A. what; that B. it; that
C. what; when D. which; what
19. The book looked ________ it had been out in the rain.
A. that B. whether C. as though D. what
20. I want to leave my car. Can you tell me ________ near here?
A. if there’s a car park B. is there a car park
C. if is there a parking D. is there a parking
21. This factory is quite different from ________ before.
A. what it was B. that it was C. which it was D. what was it
22. We were all overjoyed at the news ______ the experiment turned out a success.
A. which B. that C. when D. what
23. ______ is still unknown.
A. When and where this took place B. When and where did this take place
C. It was when and where that took place. D. This took place when and where
24. _____ I like best was the poem recited by Louisa.
A. Who B. That C. What D. When
25. ______ is known to us.
A. The light goes faster than sound B. That the light goes faster than sound
C. That light goes faster than sound D. Light does go faster than sound
26. – I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
- Is that _____ you had missed the match?
A. where B. which C. what D. how
27. All of you know the fact _______ the farther away a thing is, the smaller it looks.
A. which B. that C. who D. whether
28. That is ______ the earth pulls all bodies on it.
A. why B. where C. when D. that
29. ____ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect(方面)。
A. What B. That C. This D. Which
30. How is it _____ your roommate’s request and yours are identical(同樣的).
A. if B. so C. what D. that
keys: BAB/DAC CCDCA BDBAA DDACA ABACC ABABD
Grammar: noun clauses
一.相關(guān)概念
1.名詞：表示人或事物的名稱的詞叫名詞。
2.名詞的句法作用：名詞在句中主要作主語(yǔ)、賓 語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。另外還可以作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。
3.名詞性從句：在英語(yǔ)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來(lái)該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)，由一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng),這個(gè)句子就叫名詞性從句。
4.名詞性從句的種類：
根據(jù)名詞性從句在句子中所充當(dāng)?shù)牟煌煞?名詞性從句可以分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。
1. 主語(yǔ)從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)成分
1) That he will succeed is certain .
2) Whether he will go there is not known .
3) What he said is not true .
4) Where he hid the money is to be found out .
5) Whoever comes is welcome.
6) It’s certain that he will succeed .
7) How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.
8) When they’ll start the project has not been decided yet.
注意點(diǎn)
whether可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,但if不能.
為避免主語(yǔ)冗長(zhǎng),句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)從句放在后面作真正的主語(yǔ),
It 的用法： （形式主語(yǔ)）
It’s possible/important/necessary/clear/true that……很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…
It’ said/ reported that..據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道…
It’s been announced/declared that..已經(jīng)通知/宣布…
It seems/appears/happens that…顯然、明顯、 碰巧..
It’s no wonder that…并不奇怪/無(wú)疑…
It’s a fact /a common knowledge (眾所周知) / a common saying that.（俗話說(shuō)）
It doesn’t matter whether…
2. 賓語(yǔ)從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)成分（ 可以作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞、不定式等非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)）
連詞：that, whether，if （ that �？墒÷裕﹚ho, what, which, whoever, whatever , when , where, why, how
1). They know that the habit will kill them.
2).It all depends on whether they will support us .
3) He asked how much I paid for the violin.
4).He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job .
5).I find it necessary that we should do the homework.
注意點(diǎn)
1).whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句
a..當(dāng)whether后緊跟or not時(shí),不用if.
eg: I don’t know whether I will stay or not.
b.介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句不能用if.
eg: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.
2).that在賓語(yǔ)從句中的省略與保留
a.在主+謂+it(形式賓語(yǔ))+賓補(bǔ)+that從句(真正賓語(yǔ)) 的句型中不省略.
eg: We must make it clear that we mean what we say.
b.由連詞and連接的兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中,第二個(gè)that 不省略.
eg: He told me（ that） he would come and that he would come on time.
3. 表語(yǔ)從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)成分，一般放在連系動(dòng)詞之后. 作用：對(duì)主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明
連接詞：that / whether /as if /as though（ if 不引導(dǎo) 表語(yǔ)從句)
連接代詞：who / whom / whose / which / what
連接副詞：when / where / why / how / because
The question is whether we can rely on him.
That’s because we were in need of money at that time .
He looked as if he was going to cry .
That’s why I was late .
另外，在名詞性從句中，我們還須特別注意以下問(wèn)題：
填空:1.The reason ____ we didn't trust him is ______ he has often lied．
2.The reason ____ he gave for his absent is ______ he was ill.
reason 后面的表語(yǔ)從句只能用that 引導(dǎo), 不能用why 引導(dǎo), 但reason后面的定語(yǔ)從句可以用why 或者that 引導(dǎo)。
在表語(yǔ)從句中，表“是否” 時(shí)，只能用 “whether”不能用“If”。
一般情況下，“that”不能省。
It is /was because ….
It is /was why….
The reason (why…/for…)is /was that….
The reason is because /why是錯(cuò)誤的
4．同位語(yǔ)從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名詞（ idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ； problem ；news 等）后面，對(duì)名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明.
同位語(yǔ)從句常用 that 引導(dǎo)或用連接副詞when / where/why / how / whether
1) The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people .
2) Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them .
3).Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness
合成句子：.
1．Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.
The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.
2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./ Many British parents hold the view.
.
4Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for the idea.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.Chinese students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.用if 或whether 填空
1. I don’t know _______ I’ll be free tomorrow.
2. I don’t know _______ or not I’ll be free tomorrow.
3. The question is ______ this book is worth writing.
4. It depends on ______ we will have enough money.
5. ______ they can do it matters little to us.
6._______ you are not free tomorrow ,I’ll go without you..
whether 和if有是否的意義，在賓語(yǔ)從句中二者通�？梢曰Q。主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句只能用whether，不能用if ；后面緊跟 or not 時(shí), 用whether
Choose the best answer:
1.They expressed the hope ___they would come over to China.
A. which B. that C. whom D. when
2.The fact___ he didn’t see Tom yesterday is true.
A. that B. which C. when D. what
3.I have no idea ____he will come back.
A. where B. when C. what D. that
4.The news ___ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false.
A. that B. when C. what D. how
5.One of the men held the view ___ the book said was right.
A. what that B. that which
C. that what D. which that
6.Word has come ___ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.
A. what B. whether C. that D. which
7.The question is ____the film is worth seeing.
A. if B. what C. whether D. how
8.They received orders _____ the work be done at once.
A .which B. when C. / D .that
9.The reason ____ I have to go is ____ my mother is ill in bed.
A .why; why B. why; because
C. why ; that D. that; because
10. ___ I can’t understand is ___ she wants to change her mind.
A. What; why B. Which; how
C. That; why D. What; because
11. ____ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.
A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if
12. It is known to us ___ where there is pollution, there is harm.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
13. I have the information ____.
A. of what he’ll come soon B. that he’ll come soon
C. of that he’ll come soon D. his coming soon
14. --- I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.
--- ____ it made me nearly mad.
A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break
15.It remains a question ____ we can get so much money in such a short time.
A.how B. that C. when D. what
16.--- Can I help you?
--- Yes, do you know ____?
A. when comes the bus B. when will come the bus
C. when does the bus come D. when the bus comes
17. He made a promise ___ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.
A. that B. if C. what D. that if
18. They lost their way in the forest and ____ made matters worse was ___ night began to fall.
A. what; that B. it; that
C. what; when D. which; what
19. The book looked ________ it had been out in the rain.
A. that B. whether C. as though D. what
20. I want to leave my car. Can you tell me ________ near here?
A. if there’s a car park B. is there a car park
C. if is there a parking D. is there a parking
21. This factory is quite different from ________ before.
A. what it was B. that it was C. which it was D. what was it
22. We were all overjoyed at the news ______ the experiment turned out a success.
A. which B. that C. when D. what
23. ______ is still unknown.
A. When and where this took place B. When and where did this take place
C. It was when and where that took place. D. This took place when and where
24. _____ I like best was the poem recited by Louisa.
A. Who B. That C. What D. When
25. ______ is known to us.
A. The light goes faster than sound B. That the light goes faster than sound
C. That light goes faster than sound D. Light does go faster than sound
26. – I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
- Is that _____ you had missed the match?
A. where B. which C. what D. how
27. All of you know the fact _______ the farther away a thing is, the smaller it looks.
A. which B. that C. who D. whether
28. That is ______ the earth pulls all bodies on it.
A. why B. where C. when D. that
29. ____ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect(方面)。
A. What B. That C. This D. Which
30. How is it _____ your roommate’s request and yours are identical(同樣的).
A. if B. so C. what D. that