Warming up
1. Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown.戴皇冠的人良心不安。
(1)此句是個全倒裝句. uneasy譯為“不安的”，是個表語形容詞，當(dāng)表語置于句首， 而謂語動詞又是不及物動詞時，倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“表語+助動詞+主語”。 例如:
Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.出席會議的有懷特教授，史密斯教授和許多其他客人。
(2)lie在此的含義為“存在；在某種情況下”。故有詞組lie in（在于） 如：
His success lies in his hard work.他的成功在于他勤奮的努力。
2. deny vt.否認；不承認, 拒絕 (常用搭配：deny doing， deny that …. )
I deny that the statement is true.我不承認這話是真的。
He denied attempting to murder his wife. 他否認企圖謀殺妻子。
Speaking
3. What makes a play a masterpiece is that the ideas behind the play are about problems which are still important to people of different ages in modern times.一部戲劇成為杰作的關(guān)鍵在于，戲劇的主題思想所反映的問題對不同年齡段的現(xiàn)代人仍是重要的。
(1)masterpiece n. 杰作；名著 如：
Which masterpiece made Mark Twain famous? 馬克吐溫因哪部杰作而成名？
(2)此句是個復(fù)合句，它由三個從句組成：what所引導(dǎo)的是主語從句，that所引導(dǎo)的是表語從句，而which所引導(dǎo)的是一個定語從句修飾problems。
如: What you have done might do harm to those who are in their teens. 你所做的事可能對那些青少年有害。
(3)in modern times譯為“在現(xiàn)代”，time作“時期、時代”講時，是個可數(shù)名詞，常用復(fù)數(shù)。 如:
in ancient times在古代
in the time(s) of the Stuarts在斯圖亞特王朝治理時期
4. It sometimes happens that people are in a position where they can make an important decision about a person they hate.有時有這樣的事發(fā)生，處在某個位置，這個位置可使他們對所恨的人做出重大的決定。
It (so) happens that從句表示“某事（如此）偶然發(fā)生”，其中It是形式主語，而that所引導(dǎo)的從句才是真正的主語。
It happened that he had left his keys in the office. 他碰巧把鑰匙落在辦公室了。
5. It is Shylock who must beg the Duke to save his life.夏洛克必須要乞求公爵來挽救他的生命。
(1)“It is/was+ 被強調(diào)部分+ that（指人可用who）從句”是強調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，它可以強調(diào)主語、賓語、狀語。如：
Was it you that/who I saw last night at the concert? 昨天晚上我在音樂會上看見的是你嗎？（強調(diào)賓語）
I’ve already forgotten where it was that you put the dictionary. 我已經(jīng)忘記了你把字典放哪里了。（強調(diào)狀語）
(2) beg(for) (sth.) (from/ of sb.)可譯成“乞求；乞討”。 如:
He was so poor that he had to beg (for) his bread. 他非常貧窮，所以不得不乞食。
beg (of) sb. to do sth.可譯成“懇求某人做某事”。 如:
They begged us not to punish them.他們懇求我們不要處罰他們。
6. Despite the fact that nobody really likes Shylock, the Duck does not want to kill him.盡管沒人真正喜歡夏洛克，公爵還是不想處死他。
despite(=in spite of)譯為“不管”，“不顧”，后面只能接名詞、代詞，不能接句子。 如:
Despite (In spite of) all efforts he failed.他雖然做了各種努力，仍然失敗了。
7. marry vt. & vi 結(jié)婚；娶；嫁（表示結(jié)婚的動作，它的完成時不能與for, since等表示一段時間的詞連用。類似詞還有：come, go, die, join, buy等；表示“結(jié)婚”的狀態(tài)，與一段時間連用，要用be married） 如：
John is going to marry Jane.約翰要和簡結(jié)婚。
They have been married for 10 years.他們已經(jīng)結(jié)婚10年了。
Reading
8. mercy仁慈；憐憫 （常用搭配：have mercy on/upon sb./sth.（憐憫/寬恕某人/某物）；show mercy to sb./ sth.（憐憫/寬恕某人/某物）；at the mercy of sb./sth. （任由……擺布；在……的掌握中） 如：
They showed little mercy to their enemies.他們對仇敵毫無憐憫之意。
The ship was at the mercy of the waves.船在浪濤中隨波漂流。
(2)[C]幸運；恩惠 如:
We must be thankful for small mercies.我們對小惠也應(yīng)感激。
9. It’s useless trying to argue with Shylock.和夏洛克爭論沒用。
It is useless/no use/no good+ doing sth.是個主從復(fù)合句，其真正的主語是其后動詞的v.-ing形式，譯成“做某事沒用/好處”。 如: It’s no use crying over spilt milk.（諺語）覆水難收，悔恨無益。
10. judge n.法官；評判員 vt. & vi. 審理；評判
如: the judges at a flower show花卉展覽會的評判員
judge a case審理案件
注意：當(dāng)judge用于非謂語作狀語的情況時，要用judging（表示其他人判斷）即組成詞組judging from/ by “從……判斷”。 如:
Judging by/from the number of copies sold, the book is a great success. 從銷售量判斷，這本書很成功。
11. Please be seated.請坐。
常用表示“請坐”的詞組有：seat oneself; be seated, sit down; take one’s seat; take one’s place。其中seat可作及物動詞或名詞，意為“使……坐；容納；座位”。sit為不及物動詞。 如：
Our hall can seat 1,000 people.我們大廳能容納1，000人。
He seated himself near the side of the river.他在河邊坐了下來。
I found him seated (sitting) on the bench.我發(fā)現(xiàn)他坐在凳子上。
12. hope for sth 希望，盼望
After this dry weather people all hope for rain. 經(jīng)過了這段干旱，人們普遍希望下雨。
13. envy vt.羨慕；嫉妒 （envy sb. sth. 羨慕/嫉妒某人某事）n.[U].嫉妒；羨慕 ，令人羨慕的東西 如：
I don’t envy him his bad-tempered wife. 我不羨慕他有個壞脾氣的妻子。
He was filled with envy of me/at my success. 他十分羨慕我（我的成功）。
His splendid new car was the envy of all his friends. 他那部豪華的新車是他所有的朋友羨慕的東西。
14. accuse 控告；告發(fā)（常用搭配：accuse sb. of sth.）
The man accused her of theft.那個人控告她盜竊罪。
15. consequence n.（某事）后果；影響 （常用搭配：as a consequence） 如：
If you behave so foolishly you must be ready to take the consequences. 如果你這樣愚昧下去，你必須準(zhǔn)備自食其果。
Two hundred people lost their jobs as a consequence of the merger. 由于合并，200人失去了工作。
16.表示倍數(shù)的句型
以3倍為例：1) A is 3 times larger than B. 2) A is 3 times as large as B. 3) A is 3 times the size of B.
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。
This street is three times the length of that one. 這條街是那條街的三倍長。
The meeting room is three times bigger than our office.會議室是我們辦公室的三倍大。
17. tear up (把某物)撕毀；取消（合同） Let’s tear it up.讓我們把它撕了吧。
18. offer up: present獻出；獻上 如：offer up a sacrifice 奉獻；犧牲；獻祭
19. surgeon n. 外科醫(yī)生； physician醫(yī)生（尤指內(nèi)科醫(yī)生）
Grammar
20. on one condition意為“規(guī)定一個條件”。 如：I will let you go on one condition. 我讓你去，但有個條件。
on condition (that)= provided that,條件是…… 如：
You can go swimming on condition (that) you don’t go too far from the river bank.你只有在不遠離河岸的條件下才可以去游泳。
21. pay back(=repay)意為“償還”，“報答”。 如：
He worked hard to pay back his debt.為了償還他的貸款，他努力工作。
此外，由pay組成的其他常見詞組還有；pay for付款；pay off全部還清；成功，奏效 等。
如： You must pay for what you eat and drink.你必須付你吃喝的費用。
After ten years of hard work, she eventually paid of all her debts. 經(jīng)過10年艱苦的工作，她終于還清了所有的債務(wù)。
It really pays off to study abroad. 出國留學(xué)是值得的。
22. at sea表示“在茫茫大海上”，意指“離海岸很遠”。
Several ships were lost at sea owing to the hurricane. 由于颶風(fēng)，好幾艘船在海上失蹤。
23. He is young, but I never knew so young a body with so wise a head.他很年輕，但是，我過去從來不知道有這么年輕又如此聰明的人。
在一個帶有形容詞的名詞詞組中，不定冠詞a/an通常放在形容詞的前面。 如：a young lady一位年輕女士
但是，如果形容詞前有as, so, too, how時a/an就該放在形容詞后，其結(jié)構(gòu)是：as/ too/ so/how+ adj. +a/an +n. 如: Did you notice that you had made so serious a mistake? 你注意到你已經(jīng)犯了一個很嚴重的錯誤嗎？
How wonderful a plan it would be!多好的一個計劃啊！
Integrating skills
24. flesh與meat
(1)flesh n.[U]通常指人或動物身上的肉。meat指提供食用的獸類的肉（區(qū)別于魚或禽類的肉）。
Tigers are flesh-eating animals.老虎是食肉動物。
I like meat while my sister likes fish.我喜歡肉，我姐姐喜歡魚肉。
25. be worthy of “值得”，其后接褒義名詞或動名詞的被動語態(tài)。 如:
The question is worthy of consideration/ being considered.這個問題值得考慮。
此外，還有be worthy to do/ to be done結(jié)構(gòu)。 如:
He is a man who is worthy to have a place in the team. 他是一個值得在該團體獲得一個位置的人。
“be worth”也表示“值得做某事”，但其后只能接動名詞的主動語態(tài)，代替被動意義。即be worth doing。 如：The book is well worth reading.這本書很值得讀。
26. Shylock must promise to leave the money upon his death to his daughter and her husband.夏洛克必須許諾，他一死，就把錢留給他的女兒及女婿。
句中“upon one’s death”譯為“某人一死/死后”，即on/upon+ doing/n.表示“一……就……”。 如：: On arriving in Beijing, I’ll telephone you. 一到北京，我就給你打電話。
知識拓展
1. agree to, agree with與agree on區(qū)別
（1）agree to意為“同意”，后面往往接計劃、安排、建議、意見、條件之類的名詞或動詞原形，含愿意協(xié)助工作之意。如：Do you agree to this arrangement / proposal? 對于這個安排/建議你同意嗎？
He didn’t agree to her taking up the job.他不同意她擔(dān)任這項工作。
（2）agree with意為“與……（意見）一致”，后面一般接人，也可接意見，看法等。但不含協(xié)力合作之意，不用于被動。 如：I don’t agree with your idea.我不同意你的主意。
（3）agree on表示“就……取得一致意見”。 如：The two sides have agreed on the date of negotiations. 雙方商定了談判的日期。
2. immediately 作連詞時的用法
Immediately可以做一個連詞，意思是：“一……就…… ” 如：
We must act immediately.我們必須立刻行動。
You may leave immediately he comes.他一到來，你可以立即離開。
類似能引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的連詞還有；the last time, each time, the first time, next time, the moment, instantly, the minute, the instant等。 如: You’ll be struck by her beauty the moment you see her. 你一見到她，就會被她的美麗而打動。
Every time he came to Shanghai, he would pay a visit to her. 每次他來上海，都要去拜訪她。