Section 1 Background
I．Warm up.
呈現(xiàn)一組包括石器時(shí)代，青銅時(shí)代，漢朝，唐朝的食物，住房，工具等的圖片。（Stone Age, Bronze Age, Han Dynasty, Tang Dynasty）配以字幕和相應(yīng)音樂(lè)。
然后討論：
Discussion:
Describe the life of people in China during the periods.
1. What did they eat?
2. Where did they live and what did their homes look like?
3. What kind of tools did they use and what objects have we found from their age?
4. What kind of entertainment did they have?
II．Background
1.展示伴有英語(yǔ)配音的背景資料。
⑴背景：使用所給的圖片或錄像資料。
⑵配音文字：使用從右向左游走字幕的方式。
The Stonehenge
This ancient monument of huge stones standing on the vast Salisbury plains in England has captured our imaginations for centuries. It's the most enigmatic pre-historic monument on earth.
What makes the structure at Stonehenge unique is the fact that for the first time they're shaping stones on a massive scale.
Dating back as far as 2950 B.C., theories about who built Stonehenge have included the druids and the Greeks. Speculation as to its purpose, range from astronomy to a UFO landing site.
Now a ruin with many of the original stones fallen or removed, this site still attracts nearly five thousand tourists everyday.
Around the same time as the ancient Egyptians were building the pyramids, the first stones arrived here at Stonehenge. The mystery of this stone is that they are only found in the Brescelly Mountains in south Wales, nearly 150 miles away.
It was a huge job to transport these stones from Wales, because originally there were about 80 of them here at Stonehenge weighing up to four tons each. Now, if I got in my car it would take me about 5 hours to drive all the way to Wales. But to those people, it would've been an enormous distance.
The stones were brought by boat from the mountains and pulled from the coast by sledge to the site.
I think, you need a minimum of about 150 people, simply to move on of these massive forty-ton stones.
Getting the stones to the site was an amazing feat, but building Stonehenge was much more complex. It is not just simply one stone piled on top of another, they're joined together, this hole in the section here that's been pounded out using stone hammers, and that originally fitted on top of that protruding knob on top of that stone.
After nearly 5,000 years Stonehenge is still standing. We now know how it was built. The question "why" is a bit more problematic. Twenty first century followers of ancient mystical beliefs are sure that Stonehenge has a connection with the summer and winter solstices. "As a druid, as a priest of the land, I feel Stonehenge to be one of the key sacred temples in the world. Stonehenge evokes in us a connection between some deep ancestral intuitive soul and the power of nature around us."
Nature may well know all the answers, but science has yet to prove its theories. It seems Stonehenge isn't ready to reveal all its secrets just yet.
巨石陣
古老的巨石陣屹立在英格蘭索爾茲伯里平原上，數(shù)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，它的豐姿賦予了我們豐富的想象力。它是地球上最神秘的史前遺跡。
巨石陣是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的，因?yàn)樗鞘状纬霈F(xiàn)的最大規(guī)模巨石。
究竟是誰(shuí)建造了巨石陣？這要追溯到公元前2950年，有兩種說(shuō)法：一種認(rèn)為是特魯伊特教的教徒，另一種說(shuō)法則認(rèn)為是希臘人。有關(guān)巨石陣作用的推測(cè)也是眾說(shuō)紛紜，上至天文學(xué)意義，下至不明飛行體的降落點(diǎn)，尚無(wú)定論。
現(xiàn)在，盡管很多巨石已經(jīng)倒塌，或給搬走，但是這古跡仍然每天吸引著近五千名游客觀光。
差不多就在古埃及人建造金字塔的時(shí)候，巨石陣的第一批石頭被運(yùn)達(dá)英格蘭索爾茲伯里平原。巨石的神秘之處在于，它只能從南威爾士的普雷西山脈取材，而那里位于150英里開(kāi)外。
從威爾士搬運(yùn)石材是個(gè)艱巨的工作，因?yàn)樽畛醯木奘囍屑s有80多塊巨石，每塊重達(dá)4噸�，F(xiàn)在如果從巨石陣開(kāi)車去威爾士，全程需要大概5小時(shí)�？蓪�(duì)于古人來(lái)說(shuō)，這實(shí)在是條遙遙長(zhǎng)路。
巨石從大山里開(kāi)采出來(lái)后，先用船只運(yùn)抵海岸，然后再利用撬具從海岸運(yùn)到現(xiàn)在的地址。
僅僅是搬運(yùn)這些重達(dá)四十噸的巨石，就需要大約150人。
能把些巨石運(yùn)送到這里已是驚人之舉。但建造巨石陣所花費(fèi)的工夫更是復(fù)雜。因?yàn)榫奘⒉皇呛?jiǎn)單地堆疊在一起，而是被巧妙地連接在一起：石塊上這一部分的孔眼是用石錘開(kāi)出來(lái)的，它原來(lái)剛好可以套住頂上另一塊巨石的石楦。
經(jīng)歷了五千年的風(fēng)風(fēng)雨雨，巨石仍然屹立不倒�，F(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)知道它是如何建成的了。但問(wèn)題是，為什么要建造這樣一個(gè)巨石陣呢？古代密教的21世紀(jì)追隨者則確信不疑：巨石陣與夏至、冬至日有關(guān)�！吧頌樘佤斠撂匦磐揭约斑@片土地的神職者，我認(rèn)為巨石陣是世上最重要的圣殿之一。它喚醒我們，在深藏的祖?zhèn)髦庇X(jué)精神與大自然力量之間是有著某種聯(lián)系的�！�
大自然也許知道一切答案，但理論有待于用科學(xué)去進(jìn)一步考證�？磥�(lái)巨石陣似乎還不愿意將神秘面紗全部揭開(kāi)哩。
2網(wǎng)站連接
http://www.amherst.edu/~ermace/sth/sth.html
http://www.amherst.edu/~ermace/sth/sth.html
http://witcombe.sbc.edu/earthmysteries/EMStonehenge.html
http://www.christiaan.com/stonehenge/index.php
http://www.activemind.com/Mysterious/Topics/Stonehenge/
http://www.stonehenge.org.uk/
Section 2 Listening and speaking
1．Listening
第一節(jié)
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。
1. How much did a pound of green beans cost five years ago?
A. $ 0.50 B. $ 1.00 C. $ 1.50
2. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. Doctor and nurse. B. Teacher and student. C. Boss and secretary.
3. What does the man say about Mary?
A. She seldom works.
B. She often changes her job.
C. She enjoys working at the same job.
4. What is the man going to do?
A. He is going to give his car to the garage.
B. He is going to lend his car to the woman.
C. He is not going to lend his car to Bill.
5. Whom is Anita going to marry?
A. The woman. B. The man. C. Steve.
第二節(jié)
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第6－7題。
6. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. In the office. B. At home. C. In a restaurant.
7. What does the man suggest the woman do?
A. Visit some friends.
B. Stay at home and wait for the phone call.
C. Go out and do what she wanted to do.
聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第8－9題。
8. What does Mike think of Jenny’s neighborhood?
A. It is safe, but boring. B. It is quiet and clean. C. It is exciting, but dangerous.
9. What can we learn from the conversation?
A. Jenny likes her neighborhood very much.
B. There is no crime in Mike’s neighborhood.
C. Jenny lives in the neighborhood where all her friends live.
聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第10－20題。
10. What’s Tony’s telephone number?
A. 50661640 B. 55061640 C. 55601640
11. How many languages does the school offer to teach?
A. Four B. One C. At least three.
12. Where is Tony going to learn French?
A. In the Lake District. B. In the branch school. C. In the Central Park.
聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第13－16題。
13. What have the couple bought?
A. Some honey. B. A television. C. A telephone.
14. Where is Jack’s brother?
A. In the store. B. In Jack’s house. C. In his own house.
15. How is the woman going to the office?
A. On foot. B. In her car. C. By taxi.
16. What is the man going to do tonight?
A. To watch a TV show. B. To do some cooking. C. To call his wife.
聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第17－20題。
17. What do the reports mainly talk about?
A. SARS and Parkinson. B. Coffee and soup. C. Health and diseases.
18. How much money will be totally spent in fighting against SARS?
A. 900 million. B. 2.9 billion. C. 2.81 billion.
19. What will reduce Parkinson’s disease risk?
A. Drinking coffee. B. Drinking hot soup. C. Taking vitamin C pills.
20. What can we learn from the news?
A. Vitamin C is bad for muscles.
B. Children shouldn’t eat hot instant food while watching TV.
C. 900 million yuan has been spent in keeping SARS under control
【試題答案】
第一部分：聽(tīng)力理解（共兩節(jié)）
第一節(jié)：
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一小題，從題中所給的A，B，C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀小一道小題。每段對(duì)話只讀一遍。
1. M: The prices at the grocery store have increased a lot. Now green beans cost $ 1.50 a pound.
W: I know. Five years ago they only a third that price.
2. M: Could you have Jane Smith come in for an interview?
W: Sure, I will call her up immediately, sir.
3. W: I hear Mary is looking for a new job.
M: She has seldom worked at any job for more than a few weeks.
4. W: Is anything the matter?
M: It’s Bill－h(huán)e wants to borrow my car.
W: So?
M: So last time he borrowed it, he had an accident
W: Why don’t you tell him that it’s in the garage for repairs?
5. W: What’s up?
M: Anita wants to get married.
W: Hey, that’s great!
M: No, it isn’t. She wants to marry that guy from Toronto－Steve.
W: I guess, you’ll have to find another girlfriend.
第二節(jié)：（共15小題）
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A，B，C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第6－7題。
W: Was that the telephone ringing?
M: I didn’t hear anything.
W: I thought I heard it ring two or three times.
M: Sometimes when the windows are open, you can hear the nieghbors’ phone.
W: Well, I’m expecting an important phone call, and I don’t want to miss it.
M: Is it anything I should know about?
W: Not really. It has something to do with work and doesn’t really affect us here.
M: Well, why don’t you go ahead and do what you wanted to do outside. I’ll call you if the phone rings for you.
W: Thanks. I think I will. I’ve been waiting so long and now I’m getting nervous. I need to relax outdoors.
聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第8－9題。
Mike: What’s the best thing about your neighborhood, Jenny?
Jenny: Hmm, the best thing about my neighborhood..... Well, there’s not much crime－in fact, it’s a really safe place to be. How about yours?
Mike: Well, the good thing about my neighborhood is that we have lots of stores and restaurants. It’s exciting and fun. The problem is that we have a lot of crime as well. Why is your neighborhood so safe, what do you think?
Jenny: Probably because the neighbors are all friends and watch out for each other So it’s pretty good place to live.
Mike: Well, it’s not perfect.
Jenny: Why? What’s wrong?
Mike: Oh, it’s kind of boring. There’s nothing to do.
聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第10－12題
W: Hello. Wolfson College Language School. Can I help you?
M: Yes. I’d like to attend your foreign language class. Can I enroll over the phone?
W: Yes., of course. May I have your name, please?
M: Tony. My family name is Brown.
W: OK. Do you have a telephone number?
M: Yeah. It’s double five o six sixteen forty.
W: 55061640. Thank you. Now, which language would you like to learn? We have French, German, Japanese and ...
M: Ah. I’d like to take French, please.
W: OK. Our classes are given in different places. Where do you live?
M: In the Lake District.
W: Well, in that case, your nearest classroom is in our branch school called “New Century”. It’s near Central Park. By the way, have you learned French before?
M: I’m afraid not.
W: We describe our classes by level. Your class is called “Elementary”.
M: I see. Elementary.
聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第13－16題
M: I’m glad shopping is over now. Honey, let’s go home.
W: But I should go to the office. Jack. I’ve got lots to do.
M: OK. I’d better hurry. My brother’s waiting at the house to help carry the television in.
W: Good. I hope he’ll still be there when I get home. I haven’t seen your brother for ages. Oh, I forgot to tell you. I’ll be late home tonight. I’ve got a meeting at 5 o’clock.
M: When do you think it will end?
W: I’m not sure. Still, I should be home by eight. If later than 8 o’clock I’ll call you.
M: OK. It’s nice now that your office is in City Square. You don’t have to travel very far.
W: Yeah. Taxi drivers always know where City Square is, too. By the way, are you going to watch “Law and order”on TV tonight?
M: What did you say? What TV show?
W: “Law and Order”.
M: Of course I am. I’ll tell you what happened when you get home.
聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第17－20題。
Now it’s ten o’clock, time for brief reports.
More Money to Go into Fighting Disease
SARS is a kind of severe lung disease that has broken out in many parts of China. An additional 900 million yuan will be given to keep SARS under control in the central and western areas of China. The total fund will reach 2.9 billion yuan.
Hot Soup Risk to Children
Settling down to watch TV with a hot bowl of soup might be a nice thought this winter, but it could prove dangerous －－particularly for children, health professionals warned yesterday. Children were risking significant burns to their body when eating heated instant foods in front of the TV.
Coffee Cuts Disease Risk
Coffee-drinkers may have a lower risk of Parkinson’s disease, research indicated. 8000 men in the US were studied over 30 years. “Those who did not drink coffee were three times more likely to develop Parkinson’s disease than coffee-drinkers, ”the study reported in the British Medical Journal.
Benefit of Vitamin C
English researchers have found that vitamin C is associated with several helpful changes such as reduced upper body soreness during recovery, and muscle function has also improved the day after exercise.
聽(tīng)力錄音到此結(jié)束
2．Speaking: Work in groups. Choose one of the situations to create a short play and act it out.
1) You have put on weight. Ask your partner for some advice and suggestion.
2) Talk with your friend about archaeological finds, such as artifacts, tombs or unearthed towns.
Section 3.（一）language focus:
1）以相關(guān)圖片，設(shè)計(jì)一段英文動(dòng)畫(huà)短片。
2）配音：在屏幕下方顯示英語(yǔ)字幕，漢語(yǔ)字幕。最好設(shè)置為可選擇字幕。
3）點(diǎn)擊紅色標(biāo)志，出現(xiàn)講解。
THE KING OF STONEHENGE
On May 3, 2002, archaeologists in England found a grave of a man dating back to around 2300 BC. When he died, the man was about 40 years old. He was buried on his left side with his face to the north. From tests on his teeth, it is certain that he spent his youth in central Europe, perhaps Germany. Buried with him were the tools of a hunter or warrior.
Some of the objects found in the grave give us an idea of how he was dressed when he was buried.There was a bone pin that may have been from a piece of clothing such as a leather coat. He carried a copper knife in his breast. The most amazing find was two gold earrings. That would have made him a man of distinction.
Only few centimeters from his head were two pots made of clay; tools and materials to make arrows, a bow and dozens of arrows for hunting and a second, smaller copper knife. Next to them lay a cushion stone, upon which the man could work metal. Everything found in the man's grave was probably given to him for his use in the next life. It was all that a person would need to survive -----clothing, tools, weapons pottery and spare materials to make new tools.
The discovery is important for a variety of reasons. His grave is the richest of any found from that period. This was a time when the first metals were brought to Britain, and this man was buried with two gold earrings which are the oldest gold ever found in Britain (dated to 2, 470 BC).
He was important for another reason: he was buried three miles from Stonehenge at the time when the great stones were being brought to Salisbury to build it. Archaeologists tend to believe that this man was a member of a powerful class who may well have organized the construction of Stonehenge. For these reasons, this man has been called the King of Stonehenge.
Stonehenge was begun around 3, 000 BC. In about 2, 300 BC the huge stone circle were built. The biggest stones weigh approximately 20 tons and came from a place not very far. But the smaller blue stones, still weighing four tons on average, came from west Wales. It is not yet known how these were conveyed over a distance of 380-kilometres. It is also a mystery how early man was able to construct Stonehenge without the use of modern construction machines, and lorries. It is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones: he may have had a hand in planning the monument; or in helping transport and pull up the stones.
Perhaps the most important fact about the King of Stonehenge is that his homeland was somewhere in Central Europe. He is an example of people who brought culture and new techniques from the European mainland to Britain. In terms of technical development, people were going from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age. At first most tools were made of stone. In the Bronze Age, they could make various metals, such as copper and bronze, but no iron. Iron came later, in what was called the Iron Age.
At first it was thought that it was through war and armed conflict, but it is now believed to have happened through trade and cultural links. The King of Stonehenge came with the skills to make metal, and that would have been of high statue in the eyes of local people. Some of the artefacts in his grave came from remote places. It has been proven that the copper knives came from places as distant as Spain and western France. The gold jewellery came from Europe too.
巨石王
在2002年5月3日，英國(guó)的考古學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)男人的墓穴，該墓穴可以追溯到公元前2300年左右。他死的時(shí)候大約40歲。他被埋葬時(shí)躺在左側(cè)面向北方。從他的牙齒測(cè)試判斷，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn), 他在中歐度過(guò)他青年時(shí)期, 也許在德國(guó)。和他一起埋葬的是獵人或戰(zhàn)士的工具。
一些在墓穴中發(fā)現(xiàn)的物體讓我們得知他被埋葬時(shí)的穿著。有一個(gè)骨頭別針可能是來(lái)自一件象一件皮外套那樣的衣服。他的胸前佩帶一把銅刀，最令人驚異的發(fā)現(xiàn)是二個(gè)金色的耳環(huán)。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)使得他不同尋常。
距他頭部幾厘米處有兩個(gè)陶罐，制造箭用的工具和材料,以及用來(lái)打獵的弓箭和一把銅制小刀。在它們的旁邊放著一塊墊東西的石頭，這個(gè)人有可能在上面鍛造金屬。在這個(gè)人的墓穴中發(fā)現(xiàn)的每一件東西可能是給他下輩子使用。所有的這些都是一個(gè)人生存所必須的----- 衣服，工具，武器，陶器和制造新工具的其它材料。
這些發(fā)現(xiàn)很重要是有一些原因的。他的墓穴是那個(gè)時(shí)期發(fā)現(xiàn)的最富有的。這個(gè)時(shí)代金屬剛被傳到英國(guó)，而且和這個(gè)男人一起埋葬的二個(gè)金耳環(huán)是在英國(guó)發(fā)現(xiàn)的迄今最古老的黃金 。 ( 追溯到公元前2470年)
他之所以重要的另外一個(gè)原因是他被葬在離巨石林三英里遠(yuǎn)，當(dāng)時(shí)那些石頭正被運(yùn)往索爾茲伯里來(lái)建造。考古學(xué)家認(rèn)為這男人來(lái)自有權(quán)勢(shì)的階級(jí)，他很可能參與了巨石林的建造。因?yàn)檫@些原因,這個(gè)男人被稱為巨石林王。
巨石林在約公元前3000年開(kāi)始動(dòng)工興建。 在約公元前2300年巨石林圓周被建。 最大的重20噸的石頭來(lái)自一個(gè)不很遠(yuǎn)的地方。但是較小的四噸重的膽礬巨石,來(lái)自威爾斯西部。至于這些膽礬巨石是如何輾轉(zhuǎn)380公里來(lái)到此處，至今仍是個(gè)謎。 當(dāng)時(shí)的人們?cè)跊](méi)有現(xiàn)代建筑機(jī)器的情況下如何建造巨石林也是一個(gè)謎。 很可能巨石王與這些巨石有關(guān)：他可能參與策劃建立這個(gè)紀(jì)念碑．或者幫助運(yùn)輸和豎起巨石．
也許最重要的有關(guān)巨石林王的事實(shí)是他的故鄉(xiāng)在中歐。 他是那些將歐洲大陸的文化和新技術(shù)帶到英國(guó)的人們中的一員。就技術(shù)發(fā)展而言，人們正從石器時(shí)代過(guò)度到青銅器時(shí)代。最初大多數(shù)的工具是用石頭做的。在青銅器時(shí)代，他們可以制造各種不同的金屬, 像銅和青銅, 但是沒(méi)有鐵。后來(lái)在鐵器時(shí)代才有鐵。
人們起先認(rèn)為巨石林是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和武裝沖突的結(jié)果，但是現(xiàn)在人們認(rèn)為和貿(mào)易文化有關(guān)。巨石王是隨著金屬制造技術(shù)而產(chǎn)生的,在當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裱壑芯哂泻芨叩牡匚弧?他墓穴里的一些葬品來(lái)自遙遠(yuǎn)的地方�，F(xiàn)已證明銅刀來(lái)自西班牙和法國(guó)西部，金色的珠寶也來(lái)自歐洲。
1.dating back to/from 始于，起源于，追溯到；此短語(yǔ)多用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)中
This castle dates from the 14th century.這座城堡建于14世紀(jì)。
Our partnership dates back to 1960.我們從1960年就合伙了。
2.bury vt. 埋葬
Many men were buried underground when there was an accident at the mine.
礦上發(fā)生意外事故時(shí),許多礦工都被埋在地下。
專心致志于, 埋頭于(in)
He buried himself in his work.
他埋頭工作。
be buried in thought
沉思
3.with his face to the north 面向北方
with his face to the north屬于“with+名詞+介詞短語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)在句中常作狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨動(dòng)作或伴隨性質(zhì)。根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間的關(guān)系，還可以用現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。
The weather was even colder with the wind blowing.
刮風(fēng)了，天氣更冷了。
He usually works in his study with the door locked.
他通常鎖著門(mén)在書(shū)房工作。
4.test on試驗(yàn)，檢驗(yàn)
Many people are against new drugs being tested on animals.
很多人都反對(duì)用動(dòng)物做新藥試驗(yàn)。
5.certain Sure/certain都有“確信，有把握”的意思，兩者在句型結(jié)構(gòu)中有許多相同之處，的語(yǔ)氣稍重
異同 句型 漢譯
相
同
處 be sure/certain of(about sth)
確信，有把握
be sure/certain to do sth 一定（表示說(shuō)話人的看法）
be sure/certain+that 從句
相信，確信
do sth for sure/certain
肯定，確鑿
be not sure /certain
無(wú)把握，不敢肯定
make sure/certain
弄清，查明
不同處 Certain可用it is certain+
that從句（sure不可）
一定，有把握
6.Some of the objects found in the grave give us an idea of how he was dressed when he was buried. 一些在墓穴中發(fā)現(xiàn)的物體讓我們得知他被埋葬時(shí)的穿著。
該句為how引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)名詞性從句作介詞OF的賓語(yǔ)，介詞后面跟一般均可接疑問(wèn)詞引起的從句。
1)He was not conscious of what an important discovery he had made.
2)Did she say anything about how the work was to be done?
7.amaze vt.使驚奇；使吃驚
Her knowledge amazes me.
她的學(xué)識(shí)令我吃驚。
Visitors were amazed at the achievements in the car manufacture of the city during the past decade.
參觀者對(duì)這城市過(guò)去十年中汽車制造工業(yè)的成就感到驚奇。
I was amazed by the news of George's sudden death.
聽(tīng)到喬治突然去逝的消息,我感到驚愕。
n.驚愕
He stood in amaze at the sight.
他看到那種景象, 驚愕得呆呆地站在那里。
8.distinction n.特點(diǎn)；特色；非凡；卓越
the chief distinction of Chinese food
中國(guó)食品的主要特征
a writer of distinction
一位卓越的作家
academic distinctions
學(xué)術(shù)上的榮譽(yù)
There is no appreciable distinction between the twins.
在這對(duì)孿生子之間看不出有什么明顯的差別。
His distinction of sound is excellent.
他辨別聲音的能力很強(qiáng)。
His style lacks distinction.
他的文體缺乏個(gè)性。
9.dozen n.一打，12個(gè)
I want a dozen of pencils, please!
勞駕，我要一打鉛筆。（縮寫(xiě)為： doz)
dozens of
許多
There were dozens of people there.
那里有許多人。
10.Next to them lay a cushion stone, upon which the man could work metal
當(dāng)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞詞組在句首時(shí)，主謂倒裝
1）.At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake.
2）.The soldiers ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag.
3）.East of the lake lie two towns.
4）.Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier.
11.spare adj.備用的
a spare tire
備用輪胎
多余的，剩余的
spare cash
余款
If you have a spare bed, may I stay tonight?
如果你有空床的話，今晚我可以留下嗎？
Have you any spare time to help me?
你有空幫助我嗎？
You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!
空閑時(shí)你就坐在這里讀地毯吧!
v.節(jié)約, 節(jié)省, 不傷害, 寬恕, 分讓, 提供給某人
Can you spare ten minutes?
你能抽出十分鐘嗎?
I have no time to spare.
我沒(méi)有余暇。
spare no efforts [pains]
不遺余力
12.a variety of種種；各類
The shopping-centre sells a variety of goods.
這個(gè)購(gòu)物中心出售許多種商品。
At school we learn a variety of things.
在學(xué)校我們學(xué)習(xí)各種東西。
He didn't come for a variety of reasons.
他因種種原因沒(méi)來(lái)。
She made the children glad in a variety of ways.
她用各種方法使孩子們高興。
13.tend vt.（常與to連用）有某種傾向；有…的趨勢(shì)
People under stress tend to express their full range of potential.
處于壓力下的人容易發(fā)揮自己全部的潛力。
Laziness tends to poverty.
懶易致窮
Boys tend to be bigger than girls.
男孩的個(gè)子往往比女孩高大。
14.class n.階級(jí)
class differences
階級(jí)區(qū)分
Class differences can divide a nation.
階級(jí)差異會(huì)造成國(guó)家的分裂。
lower-class life
低層階級(jí)的生活
to travel third class
乘三等車（或艙）旅行
15.approximately adv.近似地, 大約
16.average n.平均數(shù)
The average of 4, 8, and 60 is 24.
4、8和60的平均數(shù)是24。
平均；平均水平
What is the average rainfall for August in your country?
你們國(guó)家八月份的平均降雨量是多少?
His results is the average.
他的成績(jī)平平。
on (an) average通常；按平均
Wwe fail one student per year on average.
我們平均每年有一個(gè)學(xué)生不及格。
17.convey vt.運(yùn)送；運(yùn)輸
The truck conveyed machinery across the country.
這輛卡車在全國(guó)各地運(yùn)送機(jī)器。
Wires convey electricity.
金屬線導(dǎo)電。
通知；通報(bào)；傳［表， 轉(zhuǎn)］達(dá)
I will convey the information to him.
我將把這消息通知他。
I can't convey my feelings in words.
我的情感難以言表。
The ambassador personally conveyed the president's message to the premier.
大使親自向總理轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)了總統(tǒng)的問(wèn)候。
18.It is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones: he may have had a hand in planning the monument; or in helping transport and pull up the stones.
很可能巨石王與這些石頭有關(guān)，他可能參與策劃建立這個(gè)紀(jì)念碑，或者幫助運(yùn)輸和豎起巨石。
19.link vt., vi.（常與together, to, with連用）連接, 聯(lián)合
The two towns are linked by a railway.
這兩個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)由一條鐵路連接起來(lái)。
The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.
新的橋梁將把該島與大陸連接在一起。
20.have a hand in參與，插手，對(duì)某事物負(fù)部分責(zé)任
I can’t promise much. I’m not the only one that has a hand in things in this town.
我不能答應(yīng)太多，鎮(zhèn)里的事不是我一個(gè)人說(shuō)了算。
21.may后加不定式(不帶to)的完成式，表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)，認(rèn)為某事可能已發(fā)生。
He may have gone to the library.他可能去圖書(shū)館了。
22.In terms of technical development, people were going from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age.
就技術(shù)發(fā)展而言，人們正從石器時(shí)代過(guò)度到青銅器時(shí)代。
23.In terms of用……的話，以……的觀點(diǎn)，就……而說(shuō)
He thought of everything in terms of money.
他每件事都從錢(qián)的角度考慮。
In terms of money we’re quite rich, but not in terms of happiness.
從錢(qián)的角度說(shuō)我們相當(dāng)富有，但就幸福而言則不然。
24.Bronze Age青銅時(shí)代。在距今5000年前后，在舊大陸的有些地區(qū)，首先是西亞地區(qū)，發(fā)明了銅的冶煉技術(shù)，開(kāi)始制作銅器。最初為紅銅，接著又在紅銅中加錫或鉛，成為青銅。這樣人類進(jìn)入青銅時(shí)代。
25.conflict n.
戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)；戰(zhàn)斗；沖突
conflict of interest
利益沖突
爭(zhēng)論；抵觸；論戰(zhàn)
conflict between religion and science
宗教與科學(xué)之間的沖突
vi.沖突；爭(zhēng)執(zhí)；抵觸
The two stories conflicted, so I did not know what to believe.
兩個(gè)故事相沖突，我不知道相信哪一個(gè)。
26.artifact n.人工品, 贗品
27.It has been proven that the copper knives came from places as distant as Spain and western France.
現(xiàn)已證明銅刀來(lái)自西班牙和法國(guó)西部。
it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正主語(yǔ)為that從句，構(gòu)成句型：“it+被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+that從句”
這種結(jié)構(gòu)常用來(lái)表示一種不指明是誰(shuí)的議論或想法等：
it should be noted that their economy is still on downward slide.
值得注意的是，他們的經(jīng)濟(jì)仍在走下坡路。
It was thought highly likely that there would be an extraordinary session soon.
人們認(rèn)為，最近很可能召開(kāi)一次非常會(huì)議。
以計(jì)算機(jī)考試模式進(jìn)行：
Exercise
Task1: Multiple Choice
1.Only when _________ how important it is to master English.
A. did I work I realized B. I worked did I realize
C. did I work did I realize D. I worked I realized
2. On the wall _________ two large portraits.
A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging
3.Jane likes collecting stamps very much. In fact, her interest in it _____ her school days.
A dates back to B dated back to C dates back from D dated back from
4. This custom _____ the 17th century.
A dates from B dating from C dated from D date from
5. ________ natural resources it is one of poorest countries in Western Europe.
A In terms of B In terms that C In term of D In term that
6.he thought of everything ______ money.
A in term of B by terms of C in terms of D on terms of
7.Next to them ______ a cushion stone, upon which the man could work mentally.
A lay B lying C is lying D lies
8.He would like to _____ a hand _____ arguing the entertainment.
A take, in B have, in C make, in D have, on
9.While I was working with the company, I _____ an interpreter.
A tended to be B served as C played a part in D turned
10.It is ____ that he will go abroad next year.
A certain B sure C sure of D sure to
11._______ that we will win the English contest.
A It is sure B They are sure C We felt sure D He was not sure
12.He managed to come to terms ______ his illness.
A of B for C with D in
13.---He failed his exam again?
---But what did you _____? Had he ever been working hard.
A think B expect C consider D link
14.The news came as no surprise to me, I ______ for some time that the factory was going to shut down.
A had known B knew C have known D know
15.In some countries, ______ are called “public schools” are not owned by the public.
A which B that C as D what
16.He rushed into the room ______.
A with sweat dripping B sweat dripped C dripped sweat D sweated
17. ______ is no good _____ without doing anything.
A This, talking B It, to talk C That, to talk D It, talking
18.I was disappointed with the film, I had expected _____ to be much better.
A that B this C it D one
19.He came back late, ______ which time all the guests had already left.
A after B at C by D during
20.---Have you read this latest novel?
--- Yes, a wonderful one, ____ description.
A without B beyond C out of D with
Key:
1-10 B B A A A C A B B A
11-20 B C B A D A D C C B
Task 2. 完形填空
A boy walked along Carver Street, singing a sad song. He walked with his head down. Once he looked up and noticed the sign across the empty street, painted on the side of an old house. On the sign a big woman with yellow hair and a five - mile smile held out a big bottle. "Coca - Cola. Drink Coca-Cola," the sign said.
"Boy! " the silence was cut by a sudden cry. He turned around quickly to see who had called.
An old woman was standing at her door.
"You boy ! Come here this minute"
Slowly the boy___ 1___ onto the cold flat stones leading to the old woman‘s house. When he arrived at her house, she__ 2___ out her hand and wrapped(纏住) her ___3___ old fingers around his arm.
"Help me inside, boy", she said. "Help me___ 4___ to my bed. What’s your name?"
"Joseph," he said.
The old woman on the bed tried to ___5___ up, raising herself on her elbow（肘）. Water ___6___ from her eyes and mouth. The sight of her made Joseph feel ___7___ .
"I‘m dying, Joseph. You can see that, can’t you? I want you to write a ___8 ___for me. There‘s paper and pencil on the table there. "
Joseph looked down at the ___9___ , and then looked out the window. He saw the sign again： "Coca- Cola. Drink Coca - Cola. "
"I want my silver pin to___ 10 ___to my daughter. "
Joseph bent his small body over the table and ___11___ the pencil slowly across the paper.
"There’s my Bible(圣經(jīng))," the old woman said. "That‘s for my daughter, too. I want a ___12___ Christian burial (基督葬禮) with lots of singing. Write that down, too. That’s the last ___13___ of a poor old woman."
The boy laboured over the paper. Again he looked out the window.
"Here. Bring it here so I can ___14___ it. "
Joseph found the Bible, and,___ 15___ the paper inside, laid it next to the bed.
" ___16 ___me now, boy," she sighed. " I‘m tired."
He ran out of the house.
A cold wind blew through the___ 17___ window, but the old woman on the bed ___18 ___nothing. She was dead. The paper in the Bible moved back and forth in the wind.___ 19___ on the paper were some childish letters. They___ 20___ the words："Coca - Cola. Drink Coca -Cola. "
1. A. rushed B. struggled C. hurried D. stepped
2. A. reached B. let C. pushed D. pointed
3. A. firm B. smooth C. dry D. fresh
4. A. back B. over C. away D. ahead
5. A. sit B. get C. stand D. wake
6. A. rolled B. burnt C. burs D. ran
7. A. ill B. sick C. unpleasant D. funny
8. A. letter B. note C. will D. message
9. A. table B. pen C. paper D. woman
10. A. send B. go C. belong D. come
11. A. moved B. drew C. used D. pulled
12. A. great B. merry C. splendid D. real
13. A. hope B. chance C. opinion D. wish
14. A. sign B. read C. remember D. copy
15. A. setting B. hiding C. placing D. laying
16. A. Hold B. Leave C. Excuse D. Pardon
17. A. large B. open C. small D. pretty
18. A. did B. saw C. felt D. knew
19. A. Described B. Printed C. Recorded D. Written
20. A. formed B. spelled C. organized D. repeated
KEY: 1-10 DACBA，DBCCB 11-20 ADDAC，BBCDA
Task 3：短文改錯(cuò)
I can't swim because I have a strong fear of water.
Look back at my childhood experience, I think 1._____
that three reason might explain the fear.The first reason 2._____
is that I was not allowed to go near the water 3._____
when I was a child, for my mother had unreasonable 4._____
fear of it.So, even as a child I was taught see the 5._____
water as something danger.Second, my eyes became 6._____
bad ones when I was five.If I took off my glasses in the 7._____
water, I couldn't see anything, but this increased my 8._____
fear.The worst part of your experience is that as a 9._____
child of ten I see a neighbor drownSince then I 10._____
have been more frightened.
KEY：
1.Look----Looking 2.reason----reasons 3.v
4.had 后加an 5 see----to see 6..danger----dangerous 7.ones去掉 8.but----and 9.your----my
10.see---saw
（二）Grammar --- it的用法
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)撥】
1.人稱代詞it，是第三人稱單數(shù)中性，代表前文已提到過(guò)的一件事物。如：
1）That vase is valuable. It’s more than 200 years old. 那個(gè)花瓶很珍貴，它有200多年的歷史。
2）I love swimming. It keeps me fit. 我喜歡游泳，它能使我保持健康。
當(dāng)說(shuō)話者不清楚或無(wú)必要知道說(shuō)話對(duì)象的性別時(shí)，也可用it來(lái)表示。 如：
3）It’s a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl? 寶寶真可愛(ài)，是男孩還是女孩？
it可用來(lái)指代團(tuán)體。如：
4）The committee has met and it has rejected the proposal. 委員會(huì)已開(kāi)過(guò)會(huì)，拒絕了這項(xiàng)建議。it用以代替指示代詞this, that.如：
5）--- What’s this? --- It’s a pen.
6）--- Whose book is that? --- It’s Mike’s.
2.指示代詞it，常用以指人。如：
1）Go and see who it is. 去看看是誰(shuí)。
2）--- Who is making such a noise? -是誰(shuí)發(fā)出這樣的吵鬧聲？
--- It must be the children. -一定是孩子們。
3.虛義it無(wú)指代性，常用作沒(méi)有具體意義的主語(yǔ)，出現(xiàn)于表示天氣、氣候、溫度、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、距離等意義的句子中。如：
1）It is half past three now. 現(xiàn)在是三點(diǎn)半鐘。
10）It is six miles to the nearest hospital from here. 這里離最近的醫(yī)院也有六英里。
11）It was very cold; it snowed and grew dark. 天氣很冷；天下著雪，漸漸地變黑了。
it也常用來(lái)表示一般的籠統(tǒng)的情況。如：
12）It’s awful-I’ve got so much work I don’t know where to start. 糟透了--我有這么多工作要做我不知從何開(kāi)始。
13）How is it going with you? 你近況如何？
14）Take it easy. 不要緊張。
it也常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)：
15）It looks as if the college is very small. 看起來(lái)這個(gè)學(xué)院很小。
16）It seems as though our plan will be perfect. 似乎我們的計(jì)劃很完善。
17）It’s my turn. 該輪到我了。
it也常用于某些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中作賓語(yǔ)，各該習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)有具體意義，但it并無(wú)具體意義。如：
cab it 乘車 catch it 受責(zé)，受罰 come it 盡自己分內(nèi) come it strong 做得過(guò)分 walk it 步行 make it 辦成 take it out of somebody 拿某人出氣
4.先行詞it.
it充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)，本身無(wú)意義，只起一種先行引導(dǎo)的作用，先行詞不重讀。后面的真正主語(yǔ)或真正賓語(yǔ)通常是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)、-ing分詞結(jié)構(gòu)或名詞性從句。
（1）用作形式主語(yǔ)
18）It is difficult to translate this article. 翻譯這篇文章很難。
19）It is getting harder every day for a lazy man to get a living. 懶漢謀生是日益困難了。
20）What time would it be most convenient for me to call again?什么時(shí)候我再給你打電話最合適？
21）It is no use going there so early. 這么早去那里沒(méi)有用。
22）It has been a great honour your coming to visit me. 你的來(lái)訪是我很大的榮幸。
23）It is strange that he did not come at all. 真奇怪，他竟還沒(méi)來(lái)。
24）It doesn’t matter what you do.什么都沒(méi)關(guān)系。
在上述諸例中，后置的真正主語(yǔ)可以取代先行it的位置，而出現(xiàn)于句首。
To translate this article is difficult.
Going there so early is no use.
That he did not come at all is strange.
上述結(jié)構(gòu)遠(yuǎn)不如用先行it結(jié)構(gòu)普通。此外，也并非所有先行it結(jié)構(gòu)都可作上述轉(zhuǎn)換。如：
25）It seems that John is not coming after all.
26）It happened that John was the only witness.
上述兩例只能轉(zhuǎn)換為：
John doesn’t seem to be coming after all.
John happened to be the only witness.
（2）用作形式賓語(yǔ)
27）I found it difficult to explain to him what happened.
28）He thought it no use going over the subject again.
29）They kept it quiet that he was dead. 他們對(duì)他的死保密。
30）We must make it clear to the public that something should be done to stop pollution.
5.分裂句引導(dǎo)詞it.
分裂句是以it為引導(dǎo)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。它的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是：It+be的一定形式+中心成分+that-/who-從句。如：
31）It was Jane that/who called this morning.
32）It was a parcel that she brought him. 她帶給他的是一個(gè)包裹。
分裂句是由普通陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)的。通過(guò)這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以外的大多數(shù)句子成分。如：
33）John gave Mary a handbag at Christmas. 約翰在圣誕節(jié)給了瑪麗一個(gè)提包。
根據(jù)上下文和語(yǔ)義意圖，說(shuō)話人可以通過(guò)分裂句分別強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)、間接賓語(yǔ)、直接賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，使之成為信息中心。
34）It was John that/who gave Mary a handbag at Christmas.是約翰在圣誕節(jié)給了瑪麗一個(gè)提包。
35）It was Mary that John gave a handbag (to) at Christmas. 約翰在圣誕節(jié)是給瑪麗提包的。
36）It was a handbag that John gave Mary at Christmas. 約翰在圣誕節(jié)給瑪麗的是一個(gè)提包。
37）It was at Christmas that John gave Mary a handbag. 是在圣誕節(jié)約翰給了瑪麗一個(gè)提包。
分裂句的時(shí)態(tài)一般應(yīng)一致，即主句與從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)皆用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，或皆用過(guò)去時(shí)，或皆用將來(lái)時(shí)。如：
38）It is not I who am angry. 發(fā)怒的不是我。
39）It was my two sisters who knew her best. 是我的兩個(gè)姐妹最了解她。
40）It will not be you who will have to take the blame for this. 對(duì)此須受責(zé)難的將不是你。
有時(shí)分裂句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還可以采取復(fù)雜形式。如：
41）It may have been at Christmas that John gave Mary a handbag. 可能是在圣誕節(jié)約翰給瑪麗一個(gè)提包。
42）It might have been John who gave Mary a handbag. 很可能是約翰給了瑪麗一個(gè)提包。
分裂句可以強(qiáng)調(diào)多種多樣的狀語(yǔ)成分。如：
43）It was when she was about to go to bed that the telephone rang. 是在她即將上床睡覺(jué)時(shí)電話鈴響了。
44）It was because I wanted to buy a dictionary that I went to town yesterday. 我昨天是由于想買(mǎi)一本詞典而進(jìn)城的。
45）It was not until his father came back that Tom went to bed yesterday. 昨天湯姆是直到他父親回來(lái)才上床睡覺(jué)的。（注意句中not的位置）
主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)通常不可以用作分裂句的中心成分，如在規(guī)范英語(yǔ)中通常不說(shuō)：
It is beautiful that she is.
It is chairman of the Committee that he is.
但是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)是可以這樣用的。如：
46）It is the chairman of the committee that they elected him. 他們選他是作委員會(huì)主席。
47）It is green that they have painted the wall. 他們把墻壁漆的是綠色。
注：（1）當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的中心成分為主語(yǔ)，指人時(shí)可用連詞that或who，如上述例（31）、（34）、（38），強(qiáng)調(diào)其余的成分時(shí)，連詞一律用that。
（2）分裂句中的that與who在非正式文體中可以省略，如：
48）It was the President himself spoke to me. 是總統(tǒng)親自和我談了話。（省去從句主語(yǔ)who）
49）It was the dog I gave the water to. 我是給那條狗水的。（省去從句的賓語(yǔ)that）
50）It was yesterday I first noticed it. 我是昨天開(kāi)始注意到的。（省去從句連詞that）
有時(shí)還可省去句首的it is，如：
51）A good, honest trade you are learning, Sir Peter! 彼得爵士，你學(xué)得是一種很好而誠(chéng)實(shí)的一行��！
（3）分裂句中的被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分有時(shí)可放在句首，如：
52）Now was it that his life was done, and the fate which he could not escape was upon him.
就在這時(shí)，他的生命完結(jié)了，他所逃不脫的命運(yùn)降臨了。
53）When was it that he arrived at the village? 是何時(shí)他到達(dá)了這個(gè)村子？
54）Why was it that he was late for school? 他是為什么上學(xué)遲到的？
1． 分裂句引導(dǎo)詞it與先行詞it的區(qū)別： 比較：
55）It is surprising that Mary should have won the first place. 瑪麗本應(yīng)獲得第一名，真令人吃驚！（先行詞it）
56）It is Mary that has won the first place. 是瑪麗獲得了第一名。（分裂句引導(dǎo)詞it）
2． 虛義it與分裂句引導(dǎo)詞it的區(qū)別。 比較：
57）It was three o’clock in the morning when his father came back.（虛義it指時(shí)間） 他父親回來(lái)時(shí)是凌晨3點(diǎn)。
58）It was at three o’clock in the morning that his father came back. （分裂句引導(dǎo)詞it） 他父親是在凌晨3點(diǎn)回來(lái)的。
3． 分裂句中that/who- 從句與that/who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句之區(qū)別。 比較：
59）It is money that is most needed.（分裂句中的that-從句） 最需要的是錢(qián)。
60）This is the money that is most needed.（that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句） 這就是最需要的錢(qián)。
61）It is Mary who has broken the glass.. （分裂句中的who-從句） 是瑪麗打破了玻璃杯。
62）Mary is the girl who has won the first place.（who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句） 瑪麗是獲得第一名的姑娘。
區(qū)別方法：如將句型It is/was… that結(jié)構(gòu)去掉，而句子能還原成普通陳述句，則該句是分裂句，否則不是。
如（56）例去掉It is …that 則變成： Mary has won the first place. 瑪麗獲得了第一名。
（58）例變成：His father came back at three o’clock in the morning. 他父親在凌晨3點(diǎn)回來(lái)。
（59）例變成：Money is most needed. 錢(qián)是最需要的。
（61）例變成：Mary has broken the glass. 瑪麗打破了玻璃杯。
4． “擬似”分裂句
如前所述，一般分裂句是不可以用簡(jiǎn)單陳述句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作為中心成分的。如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，就得采用另外一種強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，這種句型又叫做“擬似”分裂句。如：
63）I gave her a book. What I did was (to) give her a look. 我所做的是給她一本書(shū)。
64）He took a plane to Beijing. What he did was (to) take a plane to Beijing. 他所做的是乘飛機(jī)去北京。
65）The student is going to write an article. What the student is going to do is(to) write an article.
這個(gè)學(xué)生要做的是寫(xiě)一篇文章。
“擬似”分裂句的主語(yǔ)通常是由what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，從句的主動(dòng)詞通常是do的一定形式；這種分裂句的主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)通常是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，可帶to，也可不帶to，它構(gòu)成“擬似”分裂句的信息中心。
“擬似”分裂句還可采取另外一種形式，即“what-從句+be+名詞詞組”的形式，如：
66）What he gave her was a handbag. 他所給她的是個(gè)提包。
也可采取“名詞詞組+be+what-從句”的形式
67）A handbag was what he gave her. 提包就是他所給她的。
【知識(shí)過(guò)關(guān)】it用法演練
Task1 單項(xiàng)選擇(32分)
1.It took us over an hour ________ along the street.
A. walk B. to walk C. walking D. walked
2.I think it a great honour _______ to visit your country.
A. to invite B. inviting C. having invited D. to be invited
3.Many people now make_______ a rule to buy cards for their friends before Christmas.
A. themselves B. it C. that D. this
4. ________ is very clear to everyone that he's round and tall like a tree.
A. This B. What C. That D. It
5.In the United States, bus travel doesn't cost much as train travel,________ ?
A. don't they B. does it C. do they D. doesn't it
6.Someone is at the door, who is_______ ?
A. this B. that C. it D. he
7.-It is raining cats and dogs.
- ____________. .
A. So it is B. So is it C. Neither it is D. Neither is it
8.-My home is in that tall building over there.
- __________ ?
A. Can it see B. Can see it C. Can be seen it D. Can it be seen
9. _________ raining hard for 3 hours without stopping.
A. It is B. It was C. It has been D. It had been
10.-Has the boy got his bicycle now?
-Yes, the police gave_________. .
A. him to him B. it to it C. it to him D. him to it
11.-Boy, ____________.
-It is, looks like spring is coming soon.
-Yeh, It'll just be a few more weeks.
A. it's really a nice day today, isn't it?
B. what knid of weather are we going to have today?
C. do you think it is going to rain today?
D. what' it like outside today?
12.It is important ________ their offer.
A. reject B. rejects C. to reject D. rejecting
13.Has ________ been decided when we are to hold the sports-meeting?
A. that B. this C. it D. what
14.-Did Li Lei call me while I was out?
-Yes, it was ________ that called you.
A. him B. he C. who D. whom
15.Nothing is wrong with the radio _________ ?
A. isn't it B. is that C. is it D. isn't that
16.I don't know ________ makes her afraid of having her business discussed.
A. what it is about Mary that
B. that is it abut Mary what
C. what is it about Mary that
D. that is about Mary what
17.Which sentence is wrong?
A.I felt it impossible for him to take the exam.
B.I found it impossible that he might take the exam.
C.I thought that he might not take the exam.
D.In my opinion he might take the exam.
18.I don't think _____difficult for a Chinese student to master a foreign language within five years
A. that B. it C. too D. very
19.It's the second time you _______ late this week.
A. arrive B. arrived C. have arrived D. had arrived
20.It will not be_______ we meet again.
A. long before B. before long
C. soon after D. shortly after
Task2．用it開(kāi)頭改寫(xiě)句子(14分)
1. Her sisters offered to pay her fare. That was generous of them.
2.Her brother invited her to stay. That was very kind of him.
3.You found your wallet. That is lucky.
4.You couldn't find a less expensive hotel. That is a pity.
5.To walk in the garden is pleasant.
6.To pronounce a long word is often difficult.
7.To learn a foreign language is very important.
KEY:
Task1．
1.B 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C
11.A 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.C 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.A
Task2．
1.It was generous of them (her sisters) to offer to pay her fare.
2.It was kind of her brother to invite her to stay.
3.It is lucky that you found your wallet.
4.It is a pity that you couldn't find a less expensive hotel.
5.It is pleasant to walk in the garden.
6.It is often difficult to pronounce a long word.
7.It is very important to learn a foreign language.
Section 4. Reading
以計(jì)算機(jī)考試模式進(jìn)行：
Passage (A)
字?jǐn)?shù) 171 速度
難度等級(jí) ★★
The Great Wall of China is considered to be the only man－made project seen from the moon. Although it was once thought to have been built entirely during the Qin Dynasty between 221 and 208 BC, it is now believed to have been started earlier.
The 15－foot－h(huán)igh, 25－foot－wide, 1,500－mile－long structure was undoubtedly built to keep out invading enemies. To the common people of the empire, who had been forced to build the wall, it was not worth it, however. The wall, and other public works completed by the Qin Dynasty, had caused great losses on the wealth and human life of the country. As a result, an angry population rose up in rebellion（反抗）against the Qin Dynasty, and in 207 BC the Han Dynasty began.
Because of its rich history and magnificent appearance, the Great Wall attracts tourists, scientists, and historians to this day and will continue to do so for generations.
1. According to the author of this passage, the Han Dynasty was able to come into power because .
A. enemies were not effectively prevented from invading the empire
B. it had started the work on the wall and really controlled it all along
C. the common people rebelled against the empire that had forced them to work on the Great Wall
D. the Qin emperor lost all his personal wealth in the creation of the Great Wall
2. The main idea of this passage is that .
A. the emperor of the Qin Dynasty was a slave driver
B. invading enemies were a problem in ancient China
C. the common people of ancient China were very poor
D. the human achievement of the Great Wall is widely appreciated
3. With which of the following opinions would this author most likely agree?
A. The pyramids of Egypt also attract modern man because of the human effort they represent.
B. The pyramids of Egypt would probably be seen to a human standing on the moon.
C. The human significance (意義) of the pyramids of Egypt is greater than that of the Great Wall.
D. The human significance of the pyramids of Egypt is not as great as that of the Great Wall.
4. The writer has not directly stated, but would support the opinion that .
A. Astronauts have taken a personal interest in the history of the Great Wall of China
B. the common people of the Qin Dynasty were the ones who provided the labor in constructing the Great Wall
C. work on the Great Wall was started before the Qin Dynasty came into existence
D. the Great Wall of China is a great human achievement and was probably worth the effort it took
Passage (B)
字?jǐn)?shù) 353 速度
難度等級(jí) ★★★
Tutankhamun （圖騰卡蒙）was a king who governed Egypt around 1361 BC. He was very young when he died and governed Egypt for only nine years. Although he was unimportant compared to many of the great governors of Egypt, Tutankhamun is now one of the most famous names in ancient Egyptian history.
More than 100 years ago, archaeologists were uncovering surprising finds in a dusty valley near the River Nile called The Valley of the Kings. By the 1900s, many people felt that all the hidden treasure in the valley had been found. However, one British archaeologist, Howard Carter, was sure that the tomb of Tutankhamun was still lying undiscovered in the valley. With the support of his rich patron （資助人）, Lord Carnarvon, he searched for eight long years.
Finally, in November 1922, one of Carter’s workmen discovered some stone steps leading down under the ground. Could this be the tomb they had been looking for?
Carter and his workers dug down, uncovering more and more steps. Finally they came to a door. On the door was the name they had been hoping to find－Tutankhamun. Carter and Carnarvon were excited, but they knew that they could still be disappointed. Almost all of the tombs discovered in the valley so far had been broken into by thieves, and much of the priceless treasure stolen. The archaeologists broke through the door and continued down a long corridor to another door. Carter carefully made a small hole and pushed a candle through. As the light shone into the room inside, he could hardly believe his eyes. He saw a gold throne covered in jewels, gold chariots, and many beautiful vases and statues.
During more searching over the next few months they discovered another three rooms, all-full of treasure. One held the most incredible find of all: the golden coffin containing the mummy（木乃伊）, or preserved body, of the young king. Carter had discovered the most complete and valuable collection of ancient Egyptian treasure ever found. His long search was over.
5. Tutankhamun is regarded as one of the most famous names in ancient Egyptian history because ________.
A. he died young
B. he was very rich
C. he was very powerful
D. his tomb was well kept
6. We can infer from the passage that _______.
A. archaeology costs time and money
B. Tutankhamn lived one thousand and sixty-one years ago
C. all the tombs of the Kings had been stolen by the 1900s
D. it was easy for an archaeologist to discover a tomb
7. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Tutankhamn collected all the treasure in Egypt.
B. Carter began to search for Tutanhamn’s tomb in 1914.
C. Carter and his workers spent eight years on another three rooms.
D. Carter and Carnarvon were sure that Tutankhamn’s tomb was not stolen.
Passage (C)
字?jǐn)?shù) 356 速度
難度等級(jí) ★★
Chinese basketball players have never been so close to the NBA before but questions remain about how they will adjust to life in the NBA if they go.
Wang Zhizhi,the 2.16-metre center for the Bayi Rockets who was chosen by the Dallas Mavericks two years ago,has finally received permission from authorities to travel to Dallas to play for the rest of the NBA season after he finishes playing in the Chinese Basketball Association’s finals on March 25th.If he has no problems with his visa(簽證),Wang will be the NBA’s first Asian player.Wang was chosen by the Mavericks in the second round of the 1999 draft but the Rockets,and army-run club,refused to let him go.After negotiations（談判）between the Rockets and NBA representatives, the decision was made to allow Wang the chance to try his hand at American basketball,but only for a period of short time.He has to be back to play in the Ninth National Games in November in Guangzhou.
Another center who has attracted attention from the NBA is Yao Ming,the 2.25-meter star who has led to the Shanghai Sharks into the finals fight with the Rockets this year.The 20-year-old’s NBA dreams might be harder to realize.Yao is the center of the Sharks and the club’s manager Bei Genyuan has said that he would allow Yao to go only at a proper time,for a proper team and under proper conditions.
Yao hasn’t been chosen yet and it is unlikely that he will be any time soon.People in the Shark’s front office earlier told members of the press that “it is not proper for Yao to attend the draft this year”because he has to represent Shanghai in the Ninth National Games.
Even if Wang and Yao make it to the promised land of basketball at last,analysts on both sides of the Pacific have said the NBA road will be a long one for both of them.Besides needing to work on their upper body strength,Wang and Yao will also have to adapt to the speed,techniques and above all,culture of the NBA.
8.Yao Ming has attracted attention from NBA because .
A.he is 2.25 metres tall,who is the tallest basketball player in China
B.he is the center of the Shanghai Sharks and has led Sharks into the final fight with the Rockets
C.he is regarded as the best basketball player in China
D.he is thought highly of in the international world
9.Yao Ming can play for NBA if .
A.there is no problem with his visa
B.NBA agrees to supply favorable conditions for him
C.time and conditions are proper
D.NBA can pay a large sum of money for Sharks
10.The underlined phrase“try his hand”in the passage probably means .
A.初試身手 B.碰碰運(yùn)氣 C.成為一員 D.為其效勞
11.NBA chose Wang Zhizhi so that .
A.it can show NBA need talents B.Wang Zhizhi can have a bright future
C.its whole level will be improved D.it can make Wang Zhizhi world-famous
12.When Wang Zhizhi plays in NBA,he will have to adapt to many things of NBA except . A.rules of basketball B.the speed
C.culture D.techniques
Passage (D)
字?jǐn)?shù) 258 速度
難度等級(jí) ★★
There are some stock markets(股票市場(chǎng)) in large cities in many countries. Stock markets in Paris, London, Tokyo, Shanghai and New York are among the largest and most well-known. The stock market, also called stock exchange, is a place where people can buy or sell shares（股票） of a factory or a company. And each share means certain ownership of a factory or a company.
Different people go to stock markets. Some are rich, who want to get more money than they have. Others are not very rich, who buy stocks and try to become rich. Still others buy stocks as part of their plan to save money.
Of course, investing(投資) money in the stock market is not the safest way to make money. No one can tell exactly whether the shares will be doing well. The factory or company may do badly. Then the stocks will go down, and investors will lose money. The stock may go up or down for a number of untold reasons. Everyone wants the stock to go up, but sometimes even if a factory or a company does a good job, the stock may still go down.
No wonder going to the stock market is often compared to gambling(賭博). All are eager to make money by "gambling" in the stock market. Factories and companies that need money are pleased that so many people are willing to "gamble". Indeed, the stock market is an attractive part of the business world.
13. If you are investor, you ______ in the stock market.
A. can always make money
B. can tell exactly when the stock goes up or down
C. may sometimes lose money D. your gambling is always safe
14. The passage mainly wants to tell us __________.
A. how to buy or sell shares
B. the stock market is like a gambling house
C. the ABC of the stock markets
D. investing money in the stock market is not the safest way
15. Factories and companies are pleased that so many people "gamble", because_______.
A. they can make them rich
B. they need more people to work for them
C. they need their money to do business
D. some people win and some
KEY:
1-5 CDADD 6-10 ABBCA 11-15CACCC
Section 5. Writing
1. 用課件展示看圖作文的寫(xiě)作要求
Guide:
海報(bào)是人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪袠O為常見(jiàn)的一種招貼形式，多用于電影、戲曲、比賽、文藝演出等活動(dòng)。海報(bào)中通常要寫(xiě)清楚活動(dòng)的性質(zhì)，活動(dòng)的主辦單位、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等內(nèi)容。海報(bào)的語(yǔ)言要求簡(jiǎn)明扼要，形式要做到機(jī)關(guān)報(bào)穎美觀。
海報(bào)的格式，通常有三部分組成，即標(biāo)題、正文與落款。
海報(bào)的標(biāo)題對(duì)于海報(bào)的宣傳極為重要。因此標(biāo)題的撰寫(xiě)晝做到簡(jiǎn)潔明快，新穎醒目，抓住讀者的注意力，海報(bào)的標(biāo)題形式通常有兩種：一是直接使用“海報(bào)”（Poster）一詞；另一種則是根據(jù)海報(bào)的內(nèi)容，撰寫(xiě)標(biāo)題。
海報(bào)正文是海報(bào)的核心部分，它是對(duì)海報(bào)標(biāo)題的具體描述。語(yǔ)言要求形象生動(dòng)，簡(jiǎn)明扼要。做到既有鼓動(dòng)性，又不夸大其辭。正文的常見(jiàn)表現(xiàn)形式有：簡(jiǎn)介說(shuō)明式，文學(xué)描述式，美術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)式。
2. 用課件展示劇本示例：
Examples :
Directions: You are going to write an notice for an English-speaking contest.
1) the right form of a standard notice
2) tell the purpose and content of this contest clearly
3)You should write no less than 100 words
參考答案：
POSTER
English-Speaking Contest
In order to carry out some after-class oral English practice activities and improve the students’ ability of speaking English, the Students’ Union of the English department has decided to hold a department瞱ide English瞫peaking contest at the students’ activity center on Saturday next week, i. e Aug. 23rd. 2004. Everyone who is willing to join in may tell your name and your topic of the speech to your monitor. We will invite five English teachers to work as judges. The first six winners will get the awards as an encouragement. Warmly wish everyone to attend and your presence will certainly encourage and cheer the contestants.
The Students’ Union of
English Department
3. 學(xué)生模仿訓(xùn)練
Directions: You are preparing for a poster to introduce a great place of interest-Gold Coast of Australia. Please write it in about 100 words.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Key:
WELCOME to GOLD COAST of AUSTRALIA
The Gold Coast is the undisputed tourist capital of Australia. Each year about three million people visit the holiday city that rivals the most famous world resorts. And we can almost promise sunshine, three hundred sun drenched days a year. A yearly average of 25 degrees Velsius and a winter average of 21 degrees Celsius are nature’s guarantee for a fabulous holiday. There is nothing we cannot do on the Gold Coast. World class attractions include Sea World, Dream world, Wildlife Sanctuary, and the surfing beaches.
HOTLINE: (075) 921 655
MOBLIE: (018) 754211
FAX: (075) 921472