寧波天一閣英文導(dǎo)游詞
天一閣是國內(nèi)現(xiàn)存最古老的藏書樓之一。古籍浩瀚，歷史悠久，距今已有430多年的歷史，素負(fù)“南國書城”之盛譽(yù)，巍然屹立在寧波城月湖之濱，成為亞洲現(xiàn)存歷史最悠久、最古老的私人藏書樓，也是世界上現(xiàn)存最古老的三個(gè)家族圖書館之一。以下是寧波天一閣英文導(dǎo)游詞，歡迎閱讀。
雄踞大門兩側(cè)是一對(duì)清代石獅。這些木結(jié)構(gòu)的大門，是清道光年間造的。南國書城這四個(gè)字由著名國畫大師潘天壽所書，而古閣藏英則是由大書法家沙孟海親題�，F(xiàn)在所看到的大門兩旁對(duì)聯(lián)是鐘鼎文，讀作天一遺形源長垂遠(yuǎn)，南雷深意藏久尤難，對(duì)聯(lián)說明了天一閣藏書樓歷史悠久和清初著名思想家黃宗羲登上天一閣藏書樓以后的感嘆心情。黃宗羲號(hào)南雷，他曾賞嘆讀書難，藏書尤難。藏之久而不散，則難之難矣。
進(jìn)入天一閣，首先映入我們眼簾的是照壁上氣勢(shì)宏大的溪山逸馬圖，當(dāng)年柬埔寨國家元首諾羅敦·西哈努克親王曾在這里拍照留念。這幅八駿圖是堆塑，它的作者是已故民間老藝人胡善成。天一閣的堆塑，絕大部分是他的作品。參觀完這塊照壁后，從右邊的直門春隨人意中進(jìn)去（左面是1980年新建的書庫和閱覽室）�？梢钥匆娞煲婚w的又一塊照壁，大家知道它叫什么嗎？它統(tǒng)稱為麒麟。但細(xì)分下來，這是一個(gè)龍角、牛嘴的獬豸，是正義的象征。
天一閣藏書已有400多年的歷史了，我們現(xiàn)在看到的這幢藏書樓就是幾經(jīng)修繕后保存下來的天一閣遺址，它是晚清時(shí)期的建筑遺物。天一閣的主人名叫范欽，字堯卿，號(hào)東明。明嘉靖十一年（范欽27歲時(shí)）進(jìn)士，做過湖廣隋州知府、江西袁州知府、廣西參政、福建按察使、云南右布正使以及陜西、河南等省的地方官。后來又巡撫南贛汀漳諸郡，宦跡遍布半個(gè)中國，直至官升兵部侍郎。范欽生性耿直，不畏權(quán)貴，曾頂撞過權(quán)傾朝野的武定侯郭勛，因此蒙受冤獄。后在袁州知府任內(nèi)，因秉公執(zhí)法又得罪了權(quán)臣嚴(yán)世藩，為了避禍，辭官還鄉(xiāng)�；氐綄幉ê�，就建造了藏書樓。范欽愛書成癖，在做地方官時(shí)，每到一處總是留心搜集當(dāng)?shù)氐墓娇瘫�，�?duì)無法買到的書就雇人抄錄。經(jīng)史百家之書，他兼收兼蓄，不厚古薄今，比較重視當(dāng)代著作和文獻(xiàn)的'收藏。在他的藏書中，明代地方志、政書實(shí)錄、明人詩文集及歷代科試士錄，占了很大的比重。此外，還匯集了許多有價(jià)值的碑貼，其中著名的是北宋拓本。
范欽的藏書樓原名叫東明草堂，樓前開鑿一池與月湖溝通，蓄水備用。當(dāng)時(shí)寧波有許多藏書樓，但先后遭受兵火破壞，范欽想，兵災(zāi)無法避免，火災(zāi)可以防止。為了防止火災(zāi)，范欽費(fèi)盡苦心，查閱了許多書本，最后在《易經(jīng)》中看到有天一生水，地六成之這句話而受到啟發(fā)，便取其以水制火之意，將藏書樓改名天一閣。藏書樓上為一大通間，樓下六間，象征：天一地六。范欽不但將藏書樓改了名，還規(guī)定抽煙喝酒后切忌登樓，不準(zhǔn)擅領(lǐng)親朋好友開門入閣及留宿閣內(nèi)，更不準(zhǔn)擅自將藏書借出外房及他姓者，凡違者處以不能參加祭祀祖宗的大典的懲罰。天一閣的主人連取名時(shí)都考慮到了防火的重要，可見其用心良苦。
范欽一直活到80歲。臨終時(shí)把大兒子大沖和二媳婦（次子大潛已故）叫到榻前，他把遺產(chǎn)分成兩份，一是白銀萬兩，二是全部藏書。大沖體察老父心情，決定代不分手，書不出閣。范欽的后代對(duì)天一閣藏書的保護(hù)制訂了許多嚴(yán)格的禁約。據(jù)記載嘉慶年間，寧波知府邱鐵卿的內(nèi)侄女錢繡云是一個(gè)酷愛讀書的聰明才女，為求得登閣讀書的機(jī)會(huì)，托邱太守為媒與范氏后裔范邦柱秀才結(jié)為夫妻，婚后的繡云滿懷希望，以為這下可以如愿以償了，但萬萬沒想到，已成了范家媳婦的她還是不能登樓看書，因?yàn)樽逡?guī)不準(zhǔn)婦女登閣，竟使之郁郁含恨而終，遺命夫君將她葬于閣邊，愿以芳魂與書作伴，了卻她另一種青燈黃卷的夙愿這一悲劇足以說明禁約的嚴(yán)格。
原來藏書樓四周都是花園，以防附近一旦發(fā)生火災(zāi)不會(huì)遭受其害。到了清初時(shí)，范欽的曾孫范文光請(qǐng)來名匠壘起玲瓏假山九獅一象、福祿壽等。由名匠大師堆砌造就的玲瓏剔透、形象逼真的假山中有許多動(dòng)物，大家不妨數(shù)一數(shù)共有幾只？
主人為了保護(hù)藏書樓而制定了極為森嚴(yán)的規(guī)定，同時(shí)作為一份私人財(cái)富，藏書樓也是外人不可染指的。然而世代規(guī)約不可能是一成不變的，第一個(gè)破例登上天一閣藏書樓的外姓族人是明末清初的思想家黃宗羲。清代康熙十二年（公元1673）黃宗羲由于他的道德、文章、學(xué)識(shí)、氣節(jié)在當(dāng)時(shí)普遍受到人們的敬佩。在范氏族中曾做過嘉興府學(xué)訓(xùn)導(dǎo)的范友仲幫助下，很快取得了范氏各房的同意，登上了天一閣。原來范欽后代為防止藏書失散，還議定藏書由子孫共同管理，閣門和書櫥鑰匙分房掌管，非各房齊集，任何人不得擅開。黃宗羲不僅閱讀了天一閣的全部藏書，還為天一閣藏書整理編目作出了貢獻(xiàn)。
天一閣是一座古代藏書樓，各類藏書豐富齊全。而藏書樓歷經(jīng)430多年，飽經(jīng)了歲月的風(fēng)風(fēng)雨雨，其本身就是一部史書。天一閣原有藏書七萬卷，在歷史上飽經(jīng)了滄桑。首次浩劫是在清朝乾隆年間，當(dāng)時(shí)乾隆皇帝決定編寫《四庫全書》，為此下旨各省加意采訪遺書進(jìn)呈備用，乾隆還頗知屬下的弊端，再三警告經(jīng)手者不準(zhǔn)扣留私索地方藏書者進(jìn)呈的書籍，凡是進(jìn)呈的書抄錄后務(wù)必認(rèn)真發(fā)還，然而范欽第八世孫范懋柱進(jìn)呈的638種珍貴的古籍真正得到歸還的寥寥無幾，侵吞這些書籍的正是過手的翰林學(xué)士地方官員。這次進(jìn)呈對(duì)于修《四庫全書》來說是巨大的貢獻(xiàn)，因?yàn)檫@600多種都是稀有的藏本，其中被收錄在《四庫全書》中的有96種，列入存目的有377種，居于全國各家藏書之冠。乾隆皇帝對(duì)于范氏進(jìn)呈的藏書之功倒是念念不忘，乾隆三十七年（公元1774年）六月特頒旨嘉獎(jiǎng)天一閣武英殿銅活字印本《古今圖書集成》一部，計(jì)一萬卷。后又賜給《平定回部得勝圖》、《平定金川圖》各一套�！豆沤駡D書集成》今在天一閣內(nèi)還保存8300多卷�！镀蕉▓D》的16幅畫的作者為意大利籍的畫家郎世寧，每幅畫上都有乾隆題詩，并蓋有御印，此圖至今仍完好地保存在天一閣中。
On both sides of the gate are a pair of stone lions. The doors of these wooden structures were made during the qing dynasty. The four characters are written by the famous Chinese painting master pan tianshou, and the ancient cabinet is a famous book by the great calligrapher, sha menghai. Couplets on both sides of the gate is now see inscriptions on ancient bronze objects, but read days long form source far, south ray meaning hidden for a long time especially difficult, couplet illustrates the tianyi pavilion library has a long history and famous thinker huang qing boarded the tianyi pavilion library exclamation mood. South ray of huang zongxi, he once praised the difficulty of reading books, especially difficult. It is difficult to hide a long time.
Entering the pavilion, the first thing that comes to our eyes is the magnificence of the xishan yima map, where prince norodom sihanouk, the head of state of Cambodia, took photos here. This picture is a pile of plastic, the author is the deceased folk old artist hu shan cheng. The vast majority of his works are made up of piles. After visiting the wall, the straight door on the right goes in with the person (the left side is the newly built library and reading room in 1980). You can see the wall of the pavilion. Do you know what it's called? It's called the unicorn. But subdivision down, this is a dragon horn, cattle mouth haetae, is the symbol of justice.
The library has a history of more than 400 years, and the building we are now looking at is one of the relics of the imperial palace, which was preserved in the late qing dynasty. The owner of the pavilion is called fan chin, the character of yaoqing, the name of dongming. The eleventh year of jiajing jinshi (Fan Qin 27), done HuGuang sui state magistrate, jiangxi Yuan Zhou magistrate, participate in guangxi, fujian provincial judges, yunnan right cloth is made and the local officials in shaanxi and henan provinces. Later, he was governor of southern jiangxi and zhangzhou county, and the order was spread over half of China until the official promotion department assistant minister. He was an honest and upright man. He was not afraid of the powerful, and he had the right to go to the court. Later in the governor's office of yuan zhou, because of the justice of the law, he also offended the powerful officials, in order to avoid the disaster, resigned to return to the country. Back in ningbo, the building was built. When he was a local official, he always kept an eye on the local public and private books, and hired people to copy books he couldn't buy. Through the books of hundreds of books, he has collected and accumulated, and has paid more attention to the collection of contemporary works and literature. In his collection of books, the Ming dynasty local Chronicles, the book of government books, the collection of people's poems and the history of the imperial examination, which accounts for a large proportion. In addition, there are a lot of valuable tablets, among them the northern song rubbings.
The original name of the building is dongming grass hall, which is used to communicate with the moon lake in front of the building. At that time, there were many books in ningbo, but they were destroyed by fire and fire, and fan qin thought that the fire could not be avoided. In order to prevent fire, expend Fan Qin painstakingly, looked through many books in the last living water, see there are days in the yi jing to sixty percent of the words and inspired, take its the meaning of water system of fire, will rename tianyi pavilion library. The library is a large room, with six downstairs symbols: the sixth of heaven. Fan Qin changed name, not only the library also provides board floor of avoid by all means, after drinking and smoking are not allowed to make free led the relatives and friends to open the door into the cabinet and stay inside the cabinet, more not allowed to do STH without authorization to collect books lend WaiFang and his surname, all the penalties for offenders sentenced to can't attend the ceremony of sacrifice fathers. The owner of tian yi court even named after the importance of fire prevention, it can be seen that it has good intentions.
Van chin lived until he was 80. On his deathbed he called his eldest son and his daughter-in-law, the second son, to the couch. He divided the estate into two parts, one for silver and the other for the whole collection. The old father was in a state of mind, and decided not to break up. The descendants of fan chin have made many strict prohibitions on the protection of the library. According to the record jiaqing years, ningbo magistrate Qiu Tieqing niece money to embroider a cloud is a clever woman, have a passion for reading to get chance to study pavilion, medium and high positively to seed fann Fan Bangzhu show just married, embroidered cloud hope after marriage, thought that this bottom can get it, but never expected, has become a fan home daughter-in-law reading, she still can't climb floor because ZuGui forbids women's pavilion, have made the grief of swallowed their anger, and surely no husband buried her cabinet, may with aromatic soul companions of books, but she is a long-cherished wish for another QingDengHuangJuan.meanwhile the tragedy JinYao strictly.
It turns out that the building is surrounded by gardens, just in case there is no fire in the vicinity. At the beginning of the qing dynasty, his great-grandson, fan wenguang, invited the famous artisans to build the nine lion and the elephant, fu lu shou and so on. There are many animals in the exquisitely carved and lifelike rockery built by master craftsmen. How many people can you count?
In order to protect the library, the master set up extremely strict rules, and as a private wealth, the library is also an outsider's untouchable. However, it is impossible for the generation statute to be invariable. The first one to make an exception is huang zongxi, who was a thinker in the late Ming and early qing dynasty. In the twelfth year of emperor kangxi (1673), huang zongxi was widely admired at the time because of his morality, articles, knowledge and spirit. With the help of fan, who had been the tutor of jiaxing, he quickly obtained the approval of the fan's houses and ascended to the pavilion. In order to prevent the loss of the collection of books, it was agreed that the library should be managed by the children and grandchildren, and the cabinet and bookcase keys were in charge. Huang had not only read all the books of tian yi ge, but also contributed to the collection and cataloguing of the library.
Tianyige is an ancient library with a wide range of books. And the Tibetan book building, after more than 430 years, has experienced the ups and downs of the years, and is itself a history book. There are seventy thousand volumes of the original collection of books, and the history is full of vicissitudes. Havoc for the first time was in qianlong period, when the qianlong emperor decided to write "ku", therefore the provinces on the monkey believing interview note submission of secret memorials had great differences aside, qianlong also quite know the disadvantages of subordinates, through repeated warnings are not allowed to withhold the private line place offers submission of secret memorials had great differences in the books, will it carefully after transcribing all submission of secret memorials had great differences in the book, however Fan Qin the 8th column Sun Fanmao submission of secret memorials had great differences of 638 kinds of precious ancient books really few of them can be returned, misappropriation of these books is on the academician bachelor's local officials. The submission of secret memorials had great differences for repairing "ku" is a great contribution, because it more than 600 kinds are rare editions, which was collected in "si ku" there are 96 species, there are 377 species which are included in the CunMu occupies the national various books. Emperor qianlong for fann submission of secret memorials had great differences of library work is not forget for a moment, thirty-seven years of qianlong (1774 AD) in June, awarded the purport of rewards for tianyi pavilion hall of martial valor bronzeschrift prints an integration of ancient and modern books, ten thousand. Later, it was given to "pingdinghui" and "pingding jinchuan map". The book integration of ancient and modern books still holds more than 8,300 volumes in tianyige. The author of the 16 paintings of "pingding" is an Italian painter named lang shi-ning. Each painting has a qianlong inscription and a royal seal, which is still in good condition.
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